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Tongli is located on the Bank of Taihu Lake and east of the ancient canal. It is surrounded by eight Lakes (Tongli, Jiuli, Chenghu, Muzhuang, Baiyan, yeze, Nanxing and pangshanhu). It is 80 km away from Shanghai Hongqiao Airport in the East, 318 National Highway in the south, Sujia Expressway in the West and 18 km away from Suzhou in the north. In October of the year, Tongli and Tuncun towns merged into Tongli Town, with a total area of 102.91 square kilometers and a total population of 58000. Tongli town has 12 administrative villages, 1 aquatic farm and 6 community neighborhood committees. The total length of city river in Tongli town is 5.14 km, covering an area of 9.37 hectares, with an average of 13.9 square meters per citizen; the total length of stone revetment is 6.04 km, with 54600 square meters of residential buildings near water, accounting for 36.9% of the total construction area of residential buildings.
Tongli, formerly known as "futu", was changed to "Tongli" in the early Tang Dynasty due to its extravagant name. In the Song Dynasty, the old name "futu" was overlapped with the word "Tongli", which is still used today. Tongli ancient town has beautiful scenery, surrounded by water on all sides. It is inlaid in Tongli, Jiuli, yeze, Nanxing and Pangshan lakes. The town is divided into seven small islands by 15 rivers in the shape of Sichuan, and 49 ancient bridges connect the small islands as a whole. The building is built according to the water and is famous for "small bridge, flowing water and family". It is the most complete water town in Jiangsu Province. It is also a key cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province. It has been listed as one of the thirteen scenic spots in Taihu Lake.
The ancient town was opened to the outside world in 1986 and was listed as one of the first batch of famous historical and cultural towns in Jiangsu Province by the provincial government in 1995. Tongli, a beautiful and simple Town, is known as "the Little Venice of the East". Tongli is characterized by many buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, many bridges in water towns, and many celebrities. There are 38 gardens and houses of Ming and Qing Dynasties, 47 temples and ancestral halls, hundreds of gentry houses and former residences of celebrities. There are more than 20 natural landscapes in the ancient town, such as "eight sceneries before", "eight sceneries after" and "four sceneries after". Today, there are still many sceneries, such as "moon in Dongxi", "Xiaoyan in Nanshi", "spring in Beishan", "fishing flute in Shuicun" and "lancui in Changshan".
Tongli people have been diligent and hardworking for generations, knowledgeable and reasonable, well-developed in education and rich in talents. From 1247 A.D. to the end of Qing Dynasty, Tongli had one number one scholar, 42 Jinshi and 93 wenwuju. Ancient famous Li people include Ye Yin, Xu Chunfu, Mo Dan, Zou Yi, Liang Shi, he yuan, Ji Cheng, Wang Chong, Zhu Heling, Shen Guifen, Lu Lianfu, Yuan long, Chen Yizhen, Gu Wuzhen, Huang zengkang, Huang Zenglu, Ren Yu, etc. Since modern times, famous Li people have been Chen Qubing, Jin Songcen, Yan Baoli, Fei Gong, Wang Shaofan, LAN Gongwu, Feng Xinde, Yang Tianji, Fei Yifu, Liu ruli, fan Yanqiao, Jin Guobao, Shen shanjiong, Feng yingzi, etc. Ni Zan, Gu Ying, Han Yi, Yao Guangxiao, Dong Qichang, Shu Dansheng, Shen Deqian and others also lived in Tongli. It is such a person that can create such a profound culture.
At present, tuisiyuan in Tongli town has been listed as a world cultural heritage, and the ancient town Tongli is also applying for the world cultural heritage. With the strengthening of publicity, the ancient town is known and familiar by more and more people. The major newspapers in China, the United States, Hong Kong and other places all introduce Tongli in the form of pictures and texts. The film and television crew also frequently take pictures of Tongli, which is a natural studio Known at home and abroad, the China Film Association has also set up "China Tongli film and television production base" here.
Tongli, in the process of development, has become a typical "land of fish and rice" in the south of the Yangtze River with its traditional rice cultivation and aquatic products breeding. With the pace of reform and opening up, Tongli town's national economy, small town construction, science, education, culture and health and other social undertakings have been developed at the same time. The people's living standards are improving day by day, and the comprehensive strength of the whole town is significantly enhanced.
Tongli was built in Song Dynasty and has a history of more than 1000 years. It is the earliest ancient town in Jiangsu Province (1982) and the only one that takes the whole town as a cultural relic protection unit. In 1995, it was listed as one of the first batch of famous historical and cultural towns in Jiangsu Province. At present, it is actively applying for inclusion in the "World Cultural Heritage List". Tongli is absolutely a rare "rich land" in the south of the Yangtze River.
Historically, Tongli town was really called "rich soil". But the name of "Fu Tu" is too ostentatious, so the word "Fu" does not stand out, a little bit is removed, and then the word is divided into two parts, the upper part is "Tong", the lower part of "Tian" and "Tu" are added together to become "Li", the name of Tongli comes from this. According to the records of Tongli annals in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty, Tongli was changed from bronze in early Tang Dynasty to Tongli in Song Dynasty. The old name of Fu Tu is too extravagant for its name, which means that "Tian Jia Tu is Tongli". There is another folklore about changing futu to Tongli. It is said that a long time ago, many people came here to reclaim wasteland. Due to hard work and favorable weather, the products are abundant and people live and work in peace and contentment, so it is called "rich soil". One year, there was a drought in the north and a flood in the south. In many places, there was a crop failure and they were unable to deliver "imperial grain". Therefore, the emperor decreed that the rich people in Jiangnan would pay three extra dues of grain, which would be paid within ten days. The rich people are very anxious when they get the news. He asked a scholar surnamed Jin in the town at that time, and Jin Xiucai made such arrangements.
In the twinkling of an eye, the ten day deadline has arrived, and the imperial envoy of grain collection arrived at futu by boat. Jin Xiucai led all the villagers to kneel down on the shore to meet him. As soon as the imperial envoy came ashore, he urged him to pay more imperial grain. Jin Xiucai calmly replied, "this year, the harvest has been greatly reduced, so it's hard to pay for it.". "Don't talk nonsense! Rich soil is rich land, how can there be no food? If it's not as good as turning in the money, we must comply with the order and impose heavy penalties. " Jin Xiucai is neither humble nor overbearing, and explains with a smile: "please listen to me, my Lord. This place was originally called "Tongli", not "Fuji". Please be aware of it. " After hearing this, the imperial envoy was puzzled. He walked around the street and found that all he saw were "Tongli", but there was no trace of "rich soil", so he had to give up. Which tourist can guess what arrangement Jin Xiucai made? It turned out that Jin Xiucai took care of all the villagers and used the method of word splitting to split the word "Fu" into two parts. When he went up a little bit, he broke down the fields and connected the land, which became the word "Tongli". At that time, the writing habit was different from today. It was vertical writing, so it saved the day from the disaster. Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tongli, Tong.
Tongli town has "three more", more celebrities, more Ming and Qing buildings, more water and more bridges.
1. There are many celebrities. From the Song Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty, there were one number one scholar, 42 Jinshi and 93 Wenwu Juren. The famous figures in Tongli town include Ye Yin, a poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wang Chong, a painter of the Ming Dynasty, Shen Guifen, a military aircraft Minister of the Qing Dynasty, Lu Lianfu, a calligrapher and painter, Chen Qubing, a famous figure in the 1911 Revolution, Jin songqin, a famous educator, fan Yanqiao, a writer, Wang Shaofen, chairman of the China Association for the promotion of democracy, and Jin Guobao, a famous economist.
2. There were many buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to the annals of the town, from 1271 to 1911, 38 houses and 47 temples, temples and buildings were built in the town.
3. There are many rivers and bridges. There are 49 ancient bridges in different dynasties, Siben bridge built by Ye Yin, a poet of Southern Song Dynasty, and Gaoguan bridge in Yuan Dynasty.
According to the records of Tongli, the environment of the five lakes is outside, and one town is inside. Every family in the town is near the water and every family is connected by boat. The most famous garden in the town is Tuisi Garden, with an area of 10 mu and 8 Fen, small and exquisite. It is characterized by residential buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, which are combined with residential and garden. Such as tuisiyuan, Chongben hall, Jiayin hall, etc.
Tongli is a veritable land of fish and rice in the south of the Yangtze River. Due to the large number of Danghe harbor, there is an inexhaustible variety of aquatic products. Rich in fish and shrimp, the more precious are Taihu silverfish, whitefish, mandarin fish, eel, eel, turtle, perch and Channa, as well as black carp, grass carp, bighead carp, silver carp, bream, carp and crucian carp. In addition to fish, shrimp, mussels and other aquatic products, Tongli has a wide range of aquatic plants, mainly including water bamboo, celery, water shield, Euryale ferox, water chestnut, water chestnut, taro, arrowhead, etc. some can be served on the table, some are seasonal supplements, and some are seasonal fruits. Among them, Qianshi (commonly known as chicken head meat) is known as "ginseng in water", which is the best local specialty in Tongli. Because of the water, Tongli people have a stronger habit of drinking tea than other ancient towns. Before the Anti Japanese War, there were more than 20 teahouses in Tongli. For the convenience of getting water, they were generally built along the river. After alum precipitation, the river can make tea.
In history, the landscape architecture of Tongli was connected with water, which formed an indissoluble bond with water. Ye Yin, a poet of the Song Dynasty, is called "Shuizhu villa bieye". There are ten sceneries in the garden, such as "Qushui Liuqi", "Zhufeng Shuiyue" and "cliff cold pool", all of which are connected with water. In the Yuan Dynasty, ye Zhenzong lived in the "water garden" in Tongli, which is located on the Bank of Tongli lake. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a "Lake Forest Industry" in Tongli, which was the first garden of Ren Xiuzhi, located on the Bank of Pangshan lake. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a famous garden named "Tuisi Garden". Professor Chen Congzhou of Tongji University pointed out that Renshi Tuisi Garden had a unique way in Jiangnan gardens. It was a special case of the garden. Mountains, pavilions, pavilions, corridors, pavilions and pavilions were all close to the water, and the garden was like water. Professor Chen Congzhou also spoke highly of Tongli's water: "Tongli is named after water, and there is no Tongli without water." Next, let's go to visit this millennium old town together!
Ladies and gentlemen, the archway you see in front of you is a Ming style building. It is a representative of many Ming and Qing architectures in Tongli ancient town. Mr. Fei Xiaotong, former vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, inscribed "a famous historical and cultural town in China".
After passing Sanyuan bridge, we enter Tongli ancient town, which has a history of more than 1000 years. Today, I'd like to tell you about the one garden, two halls and three bridges in Tongli. Please follow me to find the charm of "small bridge, flowing water and other people" in Jiangnan. The layout of Tongli ancient town is different, with a network of rivers and bridges. The streets and dwellings are built by water, and there are a lot of deep houses and gardens. Therefore, in 1982, it was fortunate to become a cultural relics protection town in Jiangsu Province.
Now, we have come to what Mr. Yu Qiuyu called the most satisfying and attractive place in Chinese classical gardens. This is Tuisi Garden, which is listed as the supplementary list of Suzhou classical gardens as the world cultural heritage.
Tuisiyuan was built in 1885-1887. Lan Sheng, the director of the garden, was born in 1838. At the age of 26, he went to Anhui Province to join the governor Qiao Songnian and worked in the former enemy battalion office. Due to his meritorious service in the war, he successively served as a registered salt transportation history officer, alternate Minister of Dao, and concurrently held the posts of Huaibei Pingli Bureau and Fengyang chaoguan. In 1879, he was appointed Fengying to prepare roads, build city walls, manage post roads, build bridges, set up boat ponds, set up baby rearing halls and smoking cessation bureaus. The comprehensive treatment has achieved remarkable results. In 1885, because of the ineffective suppression of the Nien army, he was dismissed and returned to his hometown. Taking Zuozhuan as an example, we built tuisiyuan.
Tuisi Garden covers an area of 9 Mu and 8 Fen. Due to the limited terrain, it can not be developed from south to North in depth. Therefore, under the ingenious design of an outstanding artist named yuan long in this town, Tuisi Garden has constructed a new format of left house, atrium and right garden from West to East.
House is divided into inner house and outer house, outer house has sedan hall, tea hall and main hall. We are now in the tea hall. When we entered the garden just now, we passed the sedan hall. The sedan chair hall and tea hall are used to stop the sedan chair and receive ordinary guests. If there is a wedding, ancestor worship ceremony or a VIP visit, the owner of the garden will open the main hall door to show solemnity. All of you are distinguished guests of Tongli people. Please enter through the main hall gate. It can be seen from the furnishings in the hall that the reception standard of the main hall is significantly higher than that of the tea hall. Usually when the main hall door is closed, you can only get in and out from the escort lane.
Now let's visit the inner house. The inner house is the living place for the owner and his family. Ren Lansheng, the owner of the garden, has been living in Anhui for a long time, so he has built a big Zoumalou with Huizhou characteristics, so that you can see the rare buildings in the south of the Yangtze River. So why build two stairs? The galleries on both sides of the building not only shade from the sun, wind, rain and snow, but also make it convenient for the master and servant to give way when they go upstairs and downstairs.
Look at these two doors of the same age as tuisiyuan. The wood inside and the brick outside the gate seem to be heavy, but in fact, they are not small. Can anyone guess what it does? Brick wood structure, green brick can prevent fire, and the door can prevent theft after being bolted. Now we come to the end of the house, the atrium of the garden.
The atrium design centers on "hospitality". The dry boat, which is connected with the leaky window, is like a passenger ship that has just landed, carrying guests from afar to the warm host's home. On the right side is Magnolia grandiflora planted by Lan Sheng, the director of the garden. On the left side is Magnolia grandiflora, which was transplanted during the restoration of Tuisi Garden. Magnolia is a plant that blooms earlier in spring, so it symbolizes spring scenery. So why Plant Magnolia instead of peach or other tree species that bloom in spring? First, the name of the garden owner is Lansheng. Since he is Lansheng, he can't live without "Lansheng". Second, Magnolia means "gold and jade", and the fragrance of Magnolia means "gold and jade". If the relatives and friends who come from afar have to spend many days in the moon watching tower in spring, they can not only watch the moon all the year round and sing poems, but also walk on the moon in front of the tower to enjoy the flowers and trees, so that the guests will not feel that they are living in a foreign land. It is a place for the master to enjoy tea and poetry with his confidant in the wind and snow. Because the owner of the garden was dismissed and returned to his hometown to build the garden, his years of official career was destroyed. Fortunately, with the help of his friends Zuo Zongtang and Peng Yulin, Cixi didn't kill him. Therefore, the host himself and Zuo, Peng two people as the three friends. Through the flower window, you can see the quiet wintersweet, the resolute pine and the beautiful bamboo. The natural picture of "three friends in cold and old years" promotes the taste of the subject and the object.
The atrium and the right garden are connected by the moon cave gate of "leisure buildings, clouds and smoke lock the moon". In the garden, there are "nine winding corridors" with winding paths leading to seclusion. You can roam among them with different scenery.
Although Tuisi Garden occupies only 9.8 mu of land, it has all kinds of pavilions and pavilions, galleries, bridges, pavilions, halls, rooms, and pavilions. The scale of the building is appropriate, and the layout of flowers, trees, water and stones is appropriate. It is small, exquisite and simple. With the pool as the center, all kinds of buildings are close to the water surface, such as floating on the water. It is praised as "water garden" by contemporary garden scholar and Professor Chen Congzhou of Shanghai Tongji University.
Tuisi thatched cottage is the main scenery of the whole garden. It is simple, elegant and steady, reflecting the identity of the master. In Tuisi thatched cottage, there is a tablet extension of GUI Qu Lai CI written by Zhao Mengfu, a calligrapher and painter of Yuan Dynasty. The original tablet and Taicang Mo Miao Pavilion were destroyed at the same time, so the tablet extension is more and more precious. In front of the hall, a long scroll of landscape painting is unfolding slowly.
Please have a look! A boat carrying a red boat out of the lake rocks is half soaked in blue water. The water swirls through the holes of the lake rocks, and the sound of gurgling is heard all the time. Standing at the bow of the boat, people can walk like a boat because of the waves, and the boat can move because of the fish swimming. What's more, the clouds are reflected and floating. It's like a boat sailing. It's very interesting.
On the other side of the river, the overpass is connected with Xintai. The overpass is a bridge on the top and a corridor on the bottom. It simulates the compound road building of Afang palace in the Qin Dynasty. Born across the sky, flying over the top of the mountain, connecting Ziyu Shengliang pavilion with Xintai as a whole, climbing up the stone path along the mountain cave, climbing the overpass, making people suddenly enlightened. When the top ten scenic spots in China were selected in 1985, experts first put forward that the overpass represents the masterpiece of Suzhou classical gardens. At the end of the gallery of the overpass building, there is Xintai, which is "walking to the end of the bridge seems to have no road, and suddenly connecting with the mountain.". Xintai should be a place of study. At that time, the master of the kindergarten painstakingly taught his children to study. Although he may not be "hanging his head on the beam and pricking his teeth", he once paid the price of "breaking three roots in order to find a good sentence". As a result, Ren Chuanxin, the son of Ren Lansheng, followed the revolution and advocated education to save the country. When he was 20 years old (1906), he took tuisiyuan as the school building and invested a lot of money to hire famous teachers to establish a private Lize women's school. Among the teachers employed are Qian Jibo (the father of Qian Zhongshu), the calligrapher Qian Zuyi, fan Yanqiao, Ren Chuanhe and Gu Naifu. It started the trend of women's education in modern China.
To the east of the thatched cottage, there is a Sanqu bridge lying on the water,
Taicang is located in the southeast of jiangsu province, at the southern bank of Yangtze river estuary is located in north latitude 31 ° 20 '- 31 ° 45', longitude 120 ° 58 '- 121 ° 20'. The, in the east and chongming island across the river, baoshan, jiading, Shanghai in the south, west, north, respectively, and kunshan, changshu border. Taicang is a plain along the river of the Yangtze river delta plain. All geological flat, since the northeast southwest were slightly tilted. For eastern plain along the river, west to low-lying OS. Eastern ground elevation: 3.5-5.8 meters (benchmark: Wu Song zero), west 2.4 3.8 meters. Across a total area of 822.926 square kilometers, of which the Yangtze river water area of 173.89 square kilometers.
Taicang is the main ethnic han Chinese, minority scattered areas. The city has 1998 hui, manchu, Mongol, zhuang, wa, miao, dong, dai, yi, qiang, tujia, naxi, hezhen, hani, such as 15 minority, 161 people, of which the majority with hui and manchu, mainly distributed in residences, shaxi town, LiuHe, etc. By the end of 1998, the total number of households in the city 140446 households, 449453 people, including agricultural population 329591 people, non-agricultural population of 119862 people. Male 219715, female 229738 people; The birth rate was 6.9 ‰, the natural growth rate 1.73 ‰. Taicang, the Yangtze river economic belt and coastal open port city in the history of intersection, head of the Yangtze river delta open area in the southeast of jiangsu province forefront, east is near the south according to Shanghai, west of suzhou, is one of the most developed counties (cities) of jiangsu province economy. History after the prince and spring shen jun named granary "taicang" in the building, with pleasant climate, rich products, and enjoys jinxiu jiangnan "taicang of gold" reputation.
Reform and opening up, dongfeng, taicang into the stream of the world, taicang the geography position advantage and good economic foundation, for the all-round development and promote the internationalization of economy provides the advantageous natural conditions and the unprecedented historical opportunity, shows the broad prospects for development, taicang port has approved as the port of national first class, formal open foreign ships, and as a part of the Shanghai international shipping center. According to the requirements of the prime minister li peng has stepped up efforts to do a good job in expansion oil, amoco, cosco, huaneng, China mobil nearly 20 big business at home and abroad, such as large enterprises have settled in the port area, taicang economic development zone of a batch of large investment, high technology content, developing power projects have started production, crossing the Taiwanese community, lu GuiZhuang candy food hall, horse power motor city, north area, early LiuHe tourist area has some characteristics such as village scale, or under construction. Towards diversification, industrialization of agriculture, the optimized structural adjustment of the industrial economy, in petrochemical industry, mechanical and electrical integration, light industry, food raw materials, precision machinery, high-grade textile clothing and energy as the main body of the six big emerging dominant is accelerating formation of industrial clusters.
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