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各位游客,今天我们一起来游览北国的名山圣水――――云台山。
云台山属太行山系,是豫北的名山。因山势险峻,主峰孤密秀矗,形似一口巨锅,兀覆在群峰之上,山间常年云雾缭绕,故得名云台山。
云台山位于河南省焦作市东北30公里的修武县境 内。北邻山西省,东接辉县市,西与方山对峙,南面是一望无际的孤原。这里有大小名峰三十六座,峰峦叠翠,雄奇险秀。主峰茱萸峰有一片茂密森林,为国家级森林公园,堪称园中园。景区规划总面积约55平方公里。分为三大体系:一、峰岳景区:茱萸峰、三秀峰、叠彩洞、浓秀谷;二、沟谷景区:温盘峪、子房湖、小寨沟、老潭沟、武周寨;三、宗教景区:真庆宫、万善寺、玄帝观、百家岩。这里自然景观优美,人文景观丰富。汉献帝刘协、魏晋竹林七贤、唐朝孙思邈、唐太宗李世民及其大将尉迟敬等均在此留下了历史遗迹。
云台山山险水秀,气候凉爽宜人。这里泉源丰富、植被茂密,原始次生林覆盖了整个山峦,各种树木和奇花异草种类达400多种。中药材蕴藏丰富,除人参、灵芝外,还有闻名全内外的四大怀约,以及茱萸、当归等200多种。唐朝孙思邈曾在些采药练丹,至今这一带山区还流传着他服仙丹升天的故事。在云台山景区售票处,有一村庄名岸上,背靠一天然屏障,山势突兀,拓面而起,此山名为翠屏峰,峰顶有阎王鼻。你看那阎王仰脸向天,自鼻以上是黑的,鼻以下的部分是白的,当地人说此阎王黑白分明,辨是非,昼断阳,夜审阴,是当地的主宰,权力至高无上。
在阎王鼻山脚下,有一佛教庙祠,即万善寺。跨过山门,为弥勒殿。大雄宝殿供奉释迦牟尼,这尊像是泰国捐赠的金佛。你看那佛像胸间的(音万),意为太阳光芒四射或燃烧的火,后来作为佛教吉祥的标记,以表示吉祥。寺院的后门,有一小溪自高处流入清池,是优质的矿泉水,泉旁小庙,是财神爷,他虽不能名列佛寺,但来烧香的人,却也不忘烧柱香,以求财旺。
(温盘峪、子房湖景区)
沿公路而上,过了迎宾洞,左边的山谷相裂成隙。这便是温盘峪景区。峪深80余米,最宽处不过丈余,峪上群山环抱,致使这又窄又深的峪内空气不能与外界的空气很好地交流,便形成了自己独特的小气候,这里冬暧夏凉,温度适中,仿佛处在恒久的温暖中,故名温盘峪。这谷南端的瀑布名为白龙瀑,传说白龙在此居住。
走过山壁间开凿的隧洞,我们进入温盘峪景区。首先直入眼帘的是一线天。人行其间山体相合只留下一线天地,甚是奇妙。
景区内秀幽雄险,集泉、瀑、溪、潭于一谷,素来享有盆景峡谷的美誉。峡谷南北长约1公里,宽3―10余米,两岸峭壁山石秀丽,仿佛鬼斧神工,雕凿而成一巨大盆景,又好象名山大川浓缩后的精华,园林专家称之为自然山水精品廊,景区内有逍遥石、相吻石、灵龟戏水、双狮吸水、龟背石等景观。
峪内有九龙潭,相传为古时九龙栖息之地,分别为白龙潭、子龙潭、眠龙潭、青龙、黄龙、卧龙、黑龙、首龙等,因峪内司温,潭水常年气温在10度左右,夏季水凉不宜游泳,但却是冬泳的好云处。行至黑龙潭,一持瀑布从山壁间喷薄而出,如堆雪飘杨,十分壮观。动态的水流入静态的水中,十分美丽。
在汉朝初建国后,张良在帮助刘邦建立汉业之后,功高震主,惟恐遭到刘的毒害,再三恳求,告老还乡而去。张良回到家乡之后,仍然坐卧不安,觉得还不太保险,便偷偷地微服出午,隐居到了去台山。因张良字子房,故此处的村庄叫:子房村,源叫子房湖。现在的景区是在原有湖泊上加高修建的,湖面300余亩,长约8华里,最宽处300米,水深呈阶梯状分布,北浅南深,深处约地100米,水容量为1亿立方,是一中型水库。
沿湖而行,可见对面山峦中有达摩峰。相传印度僧人达摩 来中国传 教,到达少林寺,面壁10年仍常有杂念涌入心头,于是走出寺庙,要找一处绝妙的静处修行。后来就来到去台山,在子房湖西畔山峦上静坐。此处人迹罕至,达摩 高居山巅,终山岚流云为伴,山灵一片净化像山样入定下来,不久即化仙而去,此处则留下了达摩 峰和与之遥遥相对的佛龛峰。
在子房湖西畔,可见一沟名黄楝沟,里面景色宜人,最奇处是沟朝天伸展而出的几个山峰,相连成佛掌,故名佛掌峰。佛掌峰上有天堂,是一独家独户的自然小村庄。古时,苛捐杂税 沉重,有人躲在佛掌峰 上,开垦良田,遍栽果树,在上边过起了自给自足的小农生活。躲过了官府的索取,无忧无虑,快乐似神仙,故给自己的家园名之天堂。
再往前走,即见子房湖尽处,有两个小村庄绕子房湖东西而扎,这即是子房村,是张良的后世子孙繁衍而成的。在隋末唐初,刘武周和李世民先后在此屯粮食、兵器,故后人称之为东仓西仓。
(老潭沟、小寨沟景区)
老潭沟景区的特点为山雄水秀,峰高瀑急,沿水路溯水而上。山势高峻挺拔,水流急湍深邃。 过了低山头,前面出现了两条岔道,一条是台阶石梯,登上后可沿山坡石坂路向前行,路两旁郁郁葱葱,树可遮天,这些树木在石缝中生长,多有几百年的树龄;一条路是水路,橡皮船过幽潭,攀仙渡,可见昔屋一间,有若与世隔绝,旁有小道,直通天瀑。
天瀑是云台山景观之最,也是中华之最,此瀑落差310米,瀑宽约5―――7米。天瀑之高雄冠九州,可谓飞流直下三千尺。瀑布如雷贯耳,沿途我们早有所闻,其势之壮,不见其面,已早闻其声。
与天瀑遥遥相望的对面山上,有观瀑台,此台为看水景的最佳观赏点。观瀑台边有一组山瀑持壁,瀑上青苔恰似孔雀落壁,被美称为孔雀泉,另外沟内还有私语泉波浪石坪’独秀峰双秀峰路功等景点。沿路登监山顶,便是豫、晋两省分界处。
出了老潭沟不远处,有一石桥横架河谷,是通往小寨沟风云景区的通道 。
踏阶而行,路边有碑,上书小寨 沟。站在此处向对面山峰间寻找,可见高山群岚之中,有一古代官吏,头戴乌纱帽,乐悠悠地坐在山上,这就是当地人传说的唐公石。传 说,明朝嘉庆年间,唐成因审了诰命,名声大振,却又遭到排挤,仕途坎坷,历遭磨难,在遭贬途中,经此地游山玩水以泄愁闷,越觉官场险恶。从此消了仕途之念,在此化仙而云,留下了这块山峰供后人纪念。
小寨沟旧名小潭沟,后唐王李世民在此消来了刘武周,此处是隋营唐寨,故名小寨沟。沟内多彩多姿的泉瀑溪流引人入胜,故也称潭瀑川。眼前出现了第一潭,即龙蛇潭,小寨沟地处深山老林人迹罕至,水多,潮湿,常有蛇蟒出入。相传有家夫进山砍柴,见有巨蟒在此饮水,蛇大为龙,因而得名。
过了龙蛇潭,有上下或者称山水两条道路通往景区。水路是供游客游览的,山路是回来的路,水路走不远,即见有群瀑自高岩处跌落,人称九叠瀑。瀑分三层,每个断层有两条瀑布相吸相融一个潭里,如情人一般,故此称情人瀑。
过了减肥石,即是金龙卧波,再往上走,忽然眼前一片开阔,丫字瀑迎面而来,瀑高十余米,深五、六米,地而开阔孤坦,但见四面青山相环绕,一块巨石仿佛自天而降,落在这里,供销游人休憩、乘凉、野餐、照相。
清清漪池水浅而清,色彩艳丽,青苔把一潭水映得碧绿无尘,不管有风无风,池内涟漪轻荡故名之,水池有鱼,但鱼体透明。水帘洞处只出山崖上一挂瀑布分散成帘子状倾泻下来,此水四季长流,。旁有狮子头,其造型如一头活生生的小狮子一样逼真,故名之。
狮头石前整个山崖被水溶蚀而成钟乳状,下有两股水在离地米高处喷出,此乃不老泉在魏晋时景区内有逸人王烈,不食人间烟火,渴饮此泉,饿食黄精,寿至338岁,仍然健步如飞,不减少年。您不妨来尝一下。
我们进入小寨沟尽端,迎面可见几块怪石,有唐王试剑石、点将台,是李世民当年点将收兵的地方。站在点将台上,悬崖高耸,人如坐井底,故名坐井观天;县崖青苔高挂山崖,仿佛一只孔雀高挂架上,雀尾下一挂水帘,称作凤尾串珠。另外还有灵龟吐珠、云龙播雨唐王饮马池石舟蝴蝶石。
(叠彩洞、茱萸峰景区)
子房湖旁有两条岔道,下道是通往小寨沟景区、老潭沟景区;上道便是直通山西的修陵公路。叠彩洞景区和茱峰景区盘恒在此。叠彩洞是连接豫、晋两省的公路遂洞,大小23条洞 ,首尾相连总长4000多米。它是由我县土专家张有臣设计规划的。在外只见一排巨大的阶梯层层递上,在洞里都 是180度的转 弯和45度以上的爬坡。这就是景区有名的暗十八盘,勤劳善良的人民用十二年的时间修建了这条路。
沿公路自下而上,爬山穿洞,仰望山巅,只见一座座山峰拔地而起,峭壁悬崖,高达万仞。沿途山峰形态各异,在这里您可以找到l’小象攀山双驼峰 梦笔生花等各个景点。出了十二号洞,迎面而来一块奇峰异石高立在对面山上,这块石头随着车行视线的转 变,可由灵芝、傣族少女逐渐变成一摩登少女。因此处石秀、水秀、花草秀,故名三秀峰。
坐车前驶片刻,眼前忽然一片开阔,这个景点名为西瀛观,游客到此,都会有心旷神怡的感觉。
肢下这一片湖是我们经过的子房湖,一个小时的路程,已经是抬高了五六百米的高度,在子房湖东南即是温盘肉区景,相传 古时在温盘峪居信有九条龙,谷南的白龙和谷北的黑龙经常腾云驾雾来到西瀛观品茗赏景,还常常摆下棋局对弈。
上车前行即进入茱萸峰游览区。
车蜿蜒而上,进入了一片茂密的森林区,这整个山遍覆大的松柏,枫想乔木,这里属原始次生林区,被国家林业部批准为国家级森林公园。
茱萸峰山势突兀,为云台山的主峰,海拔1300多米。后来真武帝在此苦志修行成仙而云,此处便成了闻名遐尔的道教圣地,方圆百里的人们常来此烧香求愿,据说十分灵验。渐渐地,人们把这里亲切地称为小北顶,就是说这里离北天门很近,常被天神关注,他们会满足人们祷告时的祈求,好再让人们来此烧香还愿。于是有了烧高篝的说法,如果谁家的子孙发达了或是添丁了,那一定是他们家的老人们早年在这里烧了高香求来的。
★®无忧考网英语口语频道为网友整理的《旅游英语导游词:青海》,供大家参考学习。Qinghai Province is a sparking jewel set on the northwest plateau of China, wherein the Yangtze River, the Yellow River as well as the Mekong River take their source. The scenic quality of Qinghai's widely varying landscape is superb and enticing, offering from the ranges of gleaming mountains with glacier-capped peaks over 6000 meters high to the gobi desert dunes of Qaidam, from lush ranchland to the sapphire-like lakes of vast area, all this has created a land of marvel, mystery and diversity. Qinghai Lake is a photographer and artist's paradise of mirrored pastel sunrises, azure beauty in midday and the indigo blues of sunset. The Bird Island on the western tip hosts hundreds of thousand migrate birds, hovering over the sky or diving into the water. Great Lamasery of Kumbum (Taer Lamasery), still one of the living and the most important for believers, was built in 1560. With Tsongkhapa, who found the Yellow sect of lamas and was born in here, all solemn religious celebrations observed here to his honor. The excellent collection in Kumbum are an eyeful of classic Chinese-Tibetan architecture which has been preserved in best condition for centuries and its three typical Tibetan Supreme Arts developed by Kumbum's lama artists, that is evident in Yak Butter Sculpture, Frescoes and Embossed Embroidery.
The Qaidam, once been prosperous as the ancient Silk Road stretching across much of its length, is an idea place for expedition. You can explore the 'end of the World', mystic 'Lost City' of which had been described by Peter Fleming in his news from Tartary and discover the beauty of dazzling salt lakes.
The Mengda Botanical Reserve in Qinghai present a unique combination of plants and natural stone sculpture. A wide variety of trees, shrubs and flowers from native to sub-tropical blazes a rich exuberance of color. With its famed pond-Heavenly Lake, waterfalls and visible wildlife, it is an idea for rambling and camping.
Along the Yellow River down to the southeast of Qinghai, Tongren has been familiarized as the Home of Tibetan Culture and Art. "Regong Art", originated in this place, mainly reflect Tibetan Buddhist culture. This unique Tibetan culture legacy include painting, frescoes, thangkas, sculpture and architecture. Handing down from generation to generation, almost every man here inherits the occupation as an artisan. These are just a few of the diamond attractions of Qinghai Province, the Qutan monastery, Bichan Daoist Temple, Great Donguan Mosque, and other scenic spots and historical sites still await you to explore.
Notes:
1. Yangtze River 长江2. Mekong River 湄公河(澜沧江)3. the gobi desert 戈壁滩
ladies and gentlemen:
You have seen the three main halls of the forbidden city. now i ` d like to show you around the hall of mental cultivation and the imperial garden . the hall of mental cultivation is situated is in the western part of the innermost enclosure and is symmetrical to fengxian (enshrinement of forebears) hall in the east. this hall was built during the ming dynasty. it is a h-shaped structure consisting of an antechamber and a main building .the hall is surrounded by corridors. in front of the hall is the office of privy council.
Before emperor kangxi of qing the dynasty came to power the hall of heavenly purity served as the living quarter of the emperors. emperor yongzheng chose to live in this hall and attended to every day state affairs from here .for the sake of protecting cultural relics, this hall is not open to the public .you can have a look at the inside from the door. the central hall was the audience chamber where the emperor read memorials, granted audience to officials and summoned his minsters for consultation. the western chamber of the hall was where the emperor read reports and discussed military and political affairs. the hall consists of many inner rooms and is decorated with images of buddha and miniature pagodas. on the screen wall there hangs a picture of two emperors in the han costume. in a southern room there three rare calligraphic scrolls, hence the name of the room “sanxitang” (room of three rare treasures) . the room on the eastern side is of historical interst because it was here that empress dowager cixi usurped power and made decisions on behalf of the young emperor . a bamboo curtain was used to separate them .
Empress dowage cixi was born in 1835 in lu` an prefecture of shanxi province. she` s of manchurian nationality and her father was a provincial governor from south china. when she was 17 years old ,she was selected to become a concubine of emperor xianfeng and moved into the forbidden city. she gave birth to a son when she was 21years old and was made a concubine the following year. when the emperor passed away in the summer of 1861, her son ascended the throne and title of cixi, meaning “holy mother” was conferred upon her and she became the empress dowager. in that same year empress dowager cixi carried out a count coup d` etat and ruled behind the scenes with another empress dowager, ci` an, for 48 years. she passed away in 1908 at the age of 73. it was in reference to this situation that the term “attending to state affairs behind a bamboo curtain” developed .in 1912 , empress dowager longyu declared the abdication of the last qing emperor puyi. they were allowed to remain in the forbidden city for the next 13 years .the royal family was forced to move out permanently in 1924.
Behind the central hall were the living accommodation of 8 successive qing emperors .three of them actually passed away here. the side rooms flanking the hall were reserved for empresses and concubines. now let` s continue with our tour. it will take us to the hall of heavenly purity , the hall of union and peace ,the palace of earthly tranquility, and the imperial garden.
Butian Boulder which is located at the edge of the sky pond, the outfall of Chengcha River seems like a huge ivory inset the sky pond. This boulder condensates after the volcanic eruption, is smelted by fire. There retains many bubbles and scratches above. With the highest point about 10 meters, the width more than 50 meters, is a pocket peninsula inset to the sky pond, and also a tourist attraction full of cultural connotation.
Located in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, Tianyige is the earliest existing private library in China, the oldest existing library in Asia and one of the three earliest family libraries in the world. Tianyi Pavilion, covering an area of 26000 square meters, was built in the middle of Ming Dynasty under the leadership of Fan Qin, the retired right Minister of the Ministry of war. It was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council in 1982.
There are nearly 300000 volumes of all kinds of ancient books in the collection, including 80000 volumes of rare books, especially the local chronicles and imperial examination records of Ming Dynasty. In recent years, the cause of our museum has developed rapidly, with the addition of China Local Records collection, yintaidi official residence Museum, mahjong origin exhibition hall, etc. The book Pavilion is a two-story hard mountaintop building of wood structure, with a height of 8.5 meters. The ground floor is six rooms wide and six rooms deep, with corridors in front and back. In addition to the staircase, the second floor is a large room separated by bookcases.
In addition, Tongyue lake, a "Tianyi pool" in front of the building, can not only beautify the environment, but also store water for fire prevention. The architectural layout of Tianyi Pavilion was later imitated by other libraries.