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第一篇：少林寺导游词
各位来宾，我们现在要去参观游览的地方就是中国禅宗发源地-----少林寺。少林寺始建于北魏太和十九年(公元495年)由孝文帝元宏为安顿印度僧人跋陀而依山辟基创建，因其座落于少室山密林之中，故名“少林寺”。北魏孝昌三年(公元527年)释迦牟尼的第二十八代佛徒菩提达摩历时三年到达少林寺，首传禅宗，影响极大。因此，少林寺被世界佛教统称为“禅宗祖庭”，并在此基础上迅速发展，特别是唐初十三棍僧救驾李世民后得到了唐王朝的高度重视，博得了“天下第一名刹”的美誉。
现在的少林寺不仅因其古老神密的佛教文化名扬天下，更因其精湛的少林功夫而驰名中外，“中国功夫冠天下，天下武功出少林”。这里是少林武术的发源地，少林武术也是举世公认的中国武术正宗流派。
少林寺景区还是我国著名的旅游胜地之一。20___年，少林寺景区被国家旅游局首批认定为我国目前最高级----4A级旅游区。
少林寺景区包括少林寺常住院、塔林、初祖庵、二祖庵、达摩洞、十方禅院、武术馆等主要旅游景点。
现在我们首先看到的是少林寺常住院。
少林寺常住院是少林寺的核心，是主持和尚和执事僧进行佛事活动的地方，总面积三万多平方米，为七进建筑。现在我们首先看到的是：
山门：山门就是少林寺的大门，这是清代建筑，一九七五年翻修，门额上的“少林寺”三字是清康熙皇帝亲书，上有“康熙御笔之宝”方印一枚。
山门殿台阶下两侧的石狮是明代刻立的，即显示了佛门的气派，又象征着镇邪与吉祥，山门外两侧还有明代嘉靖年间建造的东西石坊各一座。
大家看，山门殿佛龛中供奉的是大肚弥勒佛又称迎宾佛，他慈眉善目，笑迎你们的到来。我们把弥勒佛称为“端庄庄重山门喜看世间光辉照，笑哈哈迎来人祝福极乐无穷”。
山门殿佛龛后面供奉的是韦驮菩萨，人称护法金刚，它手持金刚宝杵，保护寺院佛、法、僧三宝的安全。
我们看山门甬道两侧有多品碑刻，人称少林寺碑林，这些都是唐宋以来的著名原始碑刻。碑林东侧是慈云堂旧址，现为少林寺碑廊，它不仅记载着寺院的兴衰状况，而且在历史、雕刻、艺术方面，也有很高的研究价值，少林寺碑林和碑廊共计有碑刻108通。
碑林的西面是锤谱堂，这里回廊一周42间，它用泥塑和木雕等形象地展示了少林寺武术的缘起、发展、练功、精华套路、国防功能、僧兵战迹、武术活动等内容，共陈展14组216个锤谱像。有坐禅、跑经绕佛、八段锦、小红拳、大红拳、六合拳、通臂拳、罗汉拳、昭阳拳、练基本功、十三棍僧救秦王、小山和尚持帅出征、月空法师平倭寇以及俗家弟子习拳练武等。俗话称：锤谱堂里五分钟，出来一身少林功，大家比照这些塑像姿势就可以练习少林功。
天王殿 我们现在看到是第二进建筑天王殿，天王殿的原建筑于1928年被石友三烧毁。这是1982年重修的，殿门外的两大金刚，传为“哼”、“哈”二将，职责是守护佛法。大殿内侧塑的是四大天王，又称四大金刚，它们的职责是视察众生的善恶行为，扶危济困、降福人间。人们根据四大天王的组合特点，寓意“风调雨顺”。
大雄宝殿 是全寺的中心建筑，是僧人进行佛事活动的重要场所，该殿和天王殿一样在1928年被军阀石友三烧毁。这是1985年重建的。该殿是面阔五间的重檐歇山式建筑。殿内正中供奉的为现世佛----释迦牟尼如来佛，左为过去佛----东方净琉璃世界的佛，右为未来佛-----西方极乐世界的阿弥陀佛，殿内东西山墙悬塑的是十八罗汉，屏墙后壁悬塑的是观世音。少林寺大雄宝殿与其它寺院大雄宝殿的不同之处在于这里的三世佛左右各塑有站像达摩祖师和被称为少林寺棍术创始人的紧那罗王。另外，在该殿中间有两根大柱下还有麒麟雕像，预示了禅宗佛教是完全汉化的中国式的佛教。
大雄宝殿前两侧的建筑为钟、鼓二楼，东南为钟楼，西南为鼓楼，原建筑毁于1928年的兵火，1994年进行了重修，它们是寺院的固定建筑。我们常说的“晨钟暮鼓”是寺僧起居和进行佛事活动的一种信号。
钟楼前这块碑刻为《皇帝嵩岳少林寺碑》俗称《李世民碑》，它刻立于唐玄宗开元十六年(公元728年)。正面是李世民告谕少林寺上座寺主等人的教文，表彰了少林寺僧助唐平定王世充的战功，右起第五行有李世民亲笔草签的“世民”二字，碑刻“太宗文皇帝御书”七个大字系唐玄宗李隆基御书。背面刻的是李世民《赐少林寺柏谷庄御书碑记》，记述了十三棍僧救秦王的故事，也是影片《少林寺》拍摄的历史依据。
《李世民碑》的北边是《小山禅师行实碑》，记述了少林寺曹洞宗第24代传法禅师的经历和重振少林禅宗的功德。它的背面是《混元三教九流图赞碑》，上面刻有佛、道、儒三教混元图像，此碑反映了嵩山是佛、道、儒三教荟萃之地，体现了三教合流的重要思想。再往北我们看到的是清乾隆15年(公元1750年)刻立的《乾隆御碑》。碑文是一首五言诗：明日瞻中岳，今宵宿少林，心依六禅静，寺据万山深，树古风留籁，地灵夕作阴，应教半岩雨，发我夜窗吟。
大雄宝殿东侧的殿宇是紧那罗殿，重建于1982年，内塑的紧那罗王是少林寺特有的护法神。这里展示了紧那罗王的报身、法身、应身三种不同的形象。
大雄宝殿西侧与紧那罗殿相对的是六祖堂。是1982年重建的，殿内正面供奉的是大势至菩萨、文殊菩萨、观音菩萨、普贤菩萨、地藏菩萨，两侧供奉的是禅宗初祖达摩、二祖慧可、三祖僧灿、四祖道信、五祖弘忍、六祖慧能，人称六祖拜观音。六祖堂的西壁是大型彩塑“达摩只履西归图”。
藏经阁 又名法堂，明代所建，毁于1928年，1994年重建，它是寺僧藏经说法的场所。内供少林寺的一位缅甸国弟子于1996年揖赠的汉白玉卧佛像一尊。在藏经阁月台下有一口大铁锅，是明代万历年铸造的，据说是当时少林寺和尚用来炒菜用的小锅，从这口锅内可以想象到少林寺复当时的昌盛与繁荣。
藏经阁东西两厢分别是东禅堂、西客堂，东禅堂是供僧人坐禅的地方，西客堂现为接待宾客的场所。
方丈室是少林寺住持僧(也就是方丈)起居、生活、理事的地方。乾隆十五年九月二十九日，乾隆游历嵩山时曾在此住宿。方丈室门口东侧的钟为元代铸造，此钟只能在遇到紧急情况下方可击之，起报警作用。
达摩亭 又称立雪亭。殿内神龛中供奉的是铜质达摩坐像，两侧分别是二祖慧可、三祖僧灿、四祖道信、五祖弘忍。殿内悬挂的“雪印心珠”四字乃乾隆皇帝御题。说起达摩亭还有一个动人的故事。据佛教经典记载：达摩来到少林寺后，有一中国高僧神光也追随而来，虚心向达摩求教，被达摩拒绝，神光并不灰心。达摩到石洞面壁坐禅，神光侍立其后，达摩回寺院料理佛事，神光也跟回寺院，神光对达摩精心照料，形影不离。对禅师的一举一动，心悦口服，就这样日复一日，年复一年。公元536年冬天的一个夜晚，达摩在达摩亭坐禅入定，神光依旧侍立在亭外，这时天上下起了大雪，大雪淹没了神光的双膝，神光仍双手合十，一动也不动，第二天早上达摩开定后，见神光站在雪地里，就问他：“你站在雪地里干什么?”神光回答说：“求师傅传授真法。”达摩说：“要我传法给你，除非天隆红雪。”
神光解意，抽出戒刀，砍去了自已的左臂，鲜血顿时柒红了白雪，达摩心动，遂把衣钵法器传给了神光，作为传法的凭证，并为其取名为“慧可”。我们现在所说的“衣钵真传”的成语故事即源于此。“断臂求法”的故事也一直为禅家所传诵。同时，为纪念二祖慧可立雪断臂求得佛法，人们又称“达摩亭”为“立雪亭”。
达摩亭东侧的为文殊殿，殿内供奉的是文殊菩萨，下面请大家跟随我去参观少林寺最高的大殿，当然也是最珍贵的殿堂。
千佛殿 千佛殿是明朝建造的，是少林寺院的最后一座建筑，又名毗卢阁，殿高20余米，面积300余平方米，是寺内的最大佛殿，殿内神龛中供奉的是毗卢佛(即释迦牟尼佛的法身)神龛上悬挂的“法印高提”匾额是清乾隆皇帝御书，殿内东、西北、三面墙壁上是明代绘制的500罗汉朝毗卢大型彩画，出自明代无名画家之手画意精美，设计大胆有很高的艺术研究价值。我们往地上看，殿内砖铺底面上有4排48个站桩坑，他们是历年少林寺僧练拳习武的脚坑遗址，从这些脚坑我们可见少林功夫非同一般。
千佛殿东面是观音殿又名锤谱殿，殿内供奉白衣大士，即观音菩萨。殿内墙壁上是清中晚期绘制的少林寺拳谱。
千佛殿西面是地藏殿，殿中间供奉的是地藏王，站在地藏王南侧的为答辩长老，北侧的为道明和尚，殿内南北两面墙壁绘制的是“十殿阎君”，西面墙壁绘制的是“二十四孝图”。 各位朋友，请大家按原路返回，我们下面参观的是国家重点文物保护单位----少林寺塔林.
少林寺塔林是历代少林寺高僧的坟茔，总面积14000余平方米，1996年国务院公布为国家级重点文物保护单位。塔林现存唐、宋、金、元、明、清各代砖石墓塔240余座，其中唐塔2座、宋塔2座、金塔10座、元塔46座、明塔148 座，其余为清塔和宋代不详的塔。少林寺塔林是我国现存古塔群中规模最大、数量最多的古塔群，这里的塔高一般在15米以下，由一级到七级不等，明塔的高低、大小、层级、形制是根据和尚生前在佛教的地位、佛学造诣、佛徒数量、威望高低、经济状况及历史条件而定的。
少林寺塔林中的名塔有：唐贞元七年(公元791年)的法玩禅师塔，宋宣和三年(公元1121年)的普通塔，金正隆二年(公元1157年)的西唐塔，明万历八年(公元1580年)的坦然石塔，清康熙五年(1666年)的彼岸塔，元代(后)至元五年(1339年)修造的菊庵长老塔等。塔林是研究我国古代建筑史、雕刻、书法、艺术史和宗教文化的珍贵宝藏。 下面我们继续到初祖庵参观。
现在为大家简单介绍一下初祖庵，初祖庵位于少林寺五乳峰下，在少林寺寺院的后面山坡上，是达摩的后代弟子为纪念达摩面壁所建。面积7760平方米，其中初祖庵大殿为宋代典型的木结构建筑，现在为国家级重点文物保护单位。现在我们乘座索道去二祖庵参观。 二祖庵位于少林寺钵玉峰上，它是少林寺最高建筑，是二祖慧可所建，因其和初祖庵南北对望所以又叫南庵。传说二祖慧可立雪断壁后曾在此静养。
达摩洞位于少林寺西北的五乳峰上 ，石洞深约7米，高3 米，宽3.5米，从公元527年到536年，达摩在此面壁九年，终成正果，首传禅宗，成为佛教史上的伟大创举。这里有明代修建的十方一座，洞两旁山岩上有历代名人留下的多处石刻。
第二篇：河南导游词
嵩阳景区是嵩山风景名胜区的重要组成部分，位于登封市区北2公里处，总面积43。4平方公里。景区内人文景观星罗棋布，有嵩阳书院、法王寺、嵩岳寺塔、会善寺、崇福宫、崇唐观、无极洞等，自然奇景引人入胜，有嵩门待月、峻极远眺、浮戏叠翠、龙潭贯珠、启母化石、石笋闹林、仙人采药等。景区太室山是中岳嵩山的主体，主峰峻极峰海拔1492米，登上峻极峰远眺，西有少室侍立，南有箕山面拱，前有颍水奔流，北望黄河如带。倚石俯瞰，脚下峰壑开绽，凌虿尾睿笥小耙焕乐谏叫 敝啤
嵩山是华夏五千年文化的荟萃之地，裴李岗文化、仰韶文化、龙山文化等古文化遗存在嵩山广泛分布。历来为历代帝王将相封禅祭祀、文人学士观光著书、高僧名道栖身修行的场所，也是中华民族文化重要的发祥地。《诗经・大雅・嵩高》曰：“嵩高惟岳，峻极于天”，描述了嵩山的雄伟高大，山上名胜古迹众多，居五岳之冠，被誉为文物荟萃宝地。嵩山三教鼎立，宗教文化源源流长，天下第一名刹少林寺是佛教禅宗的祖庭，中岳庙为道教著名洞天，嵩阳书院为古代传播儒教礼学的四大书院之一。嵩山地质类型齐全，岩龄古老，发育完整，被世界地质界称为“天然地质博物馆”。
第三篇：少林寺英文导游词
少林寺英文导游词
少林寺位于河南省登封市嵩山五乳峰下，因坐落于嵩山腹地少室山茂密丛林之中，故名“少林寺”。以下是小编带来的'少林寺英文导游词，希望对你有帮助。
ShaoLin Monastery
Ok, ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention please? Well, I see, everyone of you is in pretty good shape today, right? I guess maybe you had sweet dreams last night. And now, let me tell you a good news, that is today we are going to visit a famous tourist attraction which you have been expecting for a long time. That is The Shao-lin Monastery.
First let me give you some general ideas. The shaolin monastery was first completed in 495, during the reign of Northern Wei Dynasty. In 527, Bodhidharma, the disciple of Sakyamuni of the 28th generation came here to practice Zen creed. As it was concealed in the thick woods of the shaoshi hill, it was given the name Shaolin Monastery meaning “temple in the woods of Shaoshi Hill”. As you know, the shaolin monastery is widely known not only for its ancient and mysterious Buddhist culture, but also for its martial arts, that is Kungfu in Chinese, which enjoys a tradition of some 2000 years. So that’s the saying “Chinese Kungfu taking the first place under the heaven” and “the best kungfu originating from shaolin monastery.” In the year 2000, the temple sightseeing zone was designated to be one of the AAAA-grade tourist attraction of China by the National Tourism Administration
Please take your valuable things along with you and get ready to get off the bus.
Well, here we are! Now we’re standing in front of the Front Gate Hall. Please look up at the plaque hanging above the lintel, and you’ll find the plaque bears three Chinese characters, Shaolin Si, the name of the tempel. This is said to be handwritten by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. This work is very precious because the emperor seldom wrote.
Ok please follow me. Just now, we have visited the Front Gate Hall, steles, ginkgos, and the Hall of the Heavenly Kings, and now, we are just in the principal hall in the temple, the Hall of Mahavira. This hall is enshrined with three main Buddhas in the central part. They are Sakyamuni Buddha sitting in the middle and Pharmacist Buddha of the Eastern Glazed World and Amitabha Buddha from the Western Paradise sitting on both sides. Along the gable walls, sit 18 Buddhist Arhats, who were enlightened Buddhist monks. On both sides in front of the Hall of Mahavira, stand the Bell Tower and the Drum Tower symmetrically. They were rebuilt in 1994 used to report hours for the temple. Normally the bell is used in the morning, while the drum, in the afternoon, hence the saying “morning bell and afternoon drum”. In front of the Bell Tower is the stele called “the Stele of Li Shimin” telling the story about how the monks from the Shaolin Monastery rescued Prince Li Shimin from being pursued and attacked by Wang Shichong during the late Sui Dynasty. Li Shimin, who later became the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty wrote the inscriptions on the stele personally,and left with a signature of Shi min on the stele.
Ok please come with me, we are going to the next hall. So now, the pavilion in front of us, not like the Zangjing ge and the Abbot’s rooms we visited just now, enjoys a moving story. It’s named Dharma’s Pavilion or Lixue Pavilion, that is “Standing in the snow” in English. It says: After Boddhi Dharma came to China, many Chinese Buddhist believers wanted to be his followers, and Shengguang was the most prominent of all of them. He always followed him whenever and wherever he went and served Dharma whole-heartedly. But Dharma didn’t agree to accept Shengguang as a disciple. Shengguang didn’t loose heart and became even more steadfast. On a snowy night, he begged as usual with Budhidharma outside, standing in the knee-high snow. The master set forward a prerequisite: he would not meet his demand unless it would snow in red flakes. Shengguang drew out the sword and cut off his left arm and stained the snowy ground. Bodhidharma was so moved that he passed his mantle, alms bowl and musical instruments on to Shengguang and gave him a Buddhist name of Huike. He was regarded as the secend founder of the Zen sect. Emperor Qianlong wrote a phrase on a plaque in commemoration
Alright everyone, now we are in the last hall, Pilu Hall, also called a Thousand Buddha Hall. It’s also the largest structure of the Shaolin Monastery. This is just the highlights of the sightseeing zone. So until now, the visit in the Shaolin Monastery is almost over. I think you may have some questions about the temple, or you want to take some photos. So, please do remember, you have half an hour. After half an hour we will gather at the Front Gate Hall, and make sure you’ll be there on time. And then we are going to the Pagoda Forest. Thank you for your attention!
Shaolin Temple, in the region of Song Mountain, Dengfeng City, Henan Province, is reputed to be ’the Number One Temple under Heaven’. The temple is the cradle of the Chinese Zen Buddhism and the Shaolin Martial Arts such as Shaolin Cudgel(棍棒). One can see wild flowers and pines on the mountain. With birds singing and a brook spattering, a beautiful scene full of life and vitality(活力) is revealed to the visitors.
Shaolin Temple embraces many exciting attractions, such as the Hall of Heavenly Kings (Tianwangdian), the Mahavira Hall (Daxiongbaodian=Great Hero), the Pagoda Forest, the Dharma Cave and the Shaolin Temple Martial Art Training Center. Visitors may follow the guide about the Shaolin Temple.
First we see the Shanmen Hall(The Front Gate Hall). Hung on its top is a tablet reading ’Shaolin Temple’. The tablet was inscribed by the Emperor Kangxi (1622 - 1723) during the Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911). Under the stairs of the hall crouches(蹲伏) two stone lions made in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The hall enshrines(祀奉) the Maitreya Buddha(摩珂迦叶). Two sides of the corridor behind the hall’s gate are paved with inscriptions on stone steles made during several different dynasties.
Next we arrive at the Hall of Heavenly Kings. On both sides in front of the hall stand the statues of two guardian spirits of buddhist law known as Jinggang in China,nameed “Heng”, “Hha”.The gate of the hall is guarded by two figures depicting Vajra (Buddhist warrior attendants). Inside the hall are figures of the Four Heavenly Kings who are responsible for inspecting peoples’ behavior, helping the troubled, and blessing the people.
Then we come to the Mahavira Hall(Daxiongbaodian=Great Hero). The complex’s center is right before your eyes. Both important celebrations and regular prayers are held here. 18 Buddhist Arhats(罗汉) stand along the eastern and the southern walls of the hall. Buddhas of the Middle, East and West are enshrined in this hall, respectively Sakyamuni Buddha(婆娑世界的释迦牟尼), Pharmacist Buddha(东方净琉璃世界的药师佛) and Amitabha Buddha(西方极乐世界的阿弥陀佛). Figures of Kingnaro (紧那罗王=the founder of Shaolin Cudgel) and Dharma (the founder of Chinese Zen Buddhism) stand beside those three Buddhas, a placement which is very different from other Mahavira Halls. At the feet of the pillars(柱子) in this Mahavira Hall are stone lions(麒麟) that are more than one meter (about 3.33 feet) high. On the ground there are 48 small food-pits, 20 centimeters (about 7.87 inches) deep. It is said that they are the footprints left by monks when they practiced Shaolin Martial Arts.
Zhang jing ge used to be the libery of buddhist Scriptures(手稿、经文).It was rebuilt in 1994.It is enshrined with a white-marble(白色大理石的) Buddha donated by a Buddhist from Burma(缅甸) in 1996.
The Dharma’s Pavilion is enshrined with a bronze statue of Boddhi Dharma in the middle and four other ancestors of Zen Buddhism on both sides. It is also named “Standing-in-Snow Pavilion”,which came into being after a moving story from Buddhist doctrine.
Standing-in-Snow Pavilion.(story)
Standing on both sides of the Dharma’s Pavilion are the halls with a statue of Boddhisattva Wenshu and Boddhisattva Puxian separately.
The largest building the Pilu Hall,also called a Thousand Buddha Hall, is the last hall on the central axis of the temple.
Unexpectedly, we come to the Pagoda Forest, a graveyard for Buddhist dignitaries(高僧) through the ages. On average, the pagodas are less than 15 meters (about 49 feet) high. The layer and the shape of a pagoda depend on many factors, such as one’s Buddhist status, attainment and prestige during his lifetime. The Pagoda Forest in Shaolin Temple is the largest of China’s pagoda complexes.
Outside the temple we continue walking to the northwest, and then we will take a look at two monasteries, named the Ancestor’s Monastery and the Second Ancestor’s Monastery. The first monastery is built by a Dharma’s disciple to commemorate Dharma’s nine years of meditation in a cave. It has a big hall supported by 16 stone pillars on whose shafts(轴) are exquisitely (精巧地)carved warriors(勇士), dancing dragons and phoenixes. The second monastery is a nursing home of the second ancestor Huike who cut his left arm in order to show his sincerity to study Buddhism from Dharma. In front of the monastery are four springs created by Dharma to help Huike to fetch water easily. They are called ’Spring Zhuoxi’ and each has its own distinctive flavor.
The cave we see next is the Dharma Cave. In this cave Dharma patiently faced the wall and meditated for 9 years. Finally, he reached the immortal(不朽的) spiritual state and created the Buddhist Zen. The cave is seven meters deep (about 23 feet) and three meters high (about 9.8 feet). Many stone inscriptions are carved on both its sides. There is a Meditating Stone in the cave. It is said Dharma’s shadow was reflected upon the stone and embedded on it because of the long time of his meditation facing the wall. Unfortunately the stone was ruined during the war.
The Shaolin Temple Wushu (Martial Arts) Training Center comes last. Its perfect scenery makes it an ideal place for practicing the Chinese Shaolin Kung Fu. Shaolin monks have been practicing Kung Fu for over 1,500 years. The system was invented by Dharma who taught the monks basic methods to improve their health and defend themselves. The Martial art performance shows the true Chinese Shaolin Kung Fu. For example, Tong Zi Gong, performed by teenagers, is a kind of martial art to train one’s flexibility and strength.
In a word, Shaolin Temple is worthy of a visit. It will give you a better understanding of Chinese Buddhism and the martial arts.
第四篇：河南导游词
黄河，中国北部大河，全长约5464公里，流域面积约752443平方公里。世界长河之一，中国第二长河。黄河北源发源于青海省青藏高原的巴颜喀拉山脉支脉查哈西拉山南麓的扎曲，南源发源于巴颜喀拉山支脉各姿各雅山北麓的卡日曲，西源发源于星宿海西的约古宗列曲。呈“几”字形，自西向东分别流经青海、四川、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古、陕西、山西、河南及山东9个省(自治区)，最后流入渤海。黄河中上游以山地为主，中下游以平原、丘陵为主。
由于河流中段流经中国黄土高原地区，因此夹带了大量的泥沙，所以它也被称为世界上含沙量最多的河流。但是在中国历史上，黄河下游的改道给人类文明带来了巨大的影响。黄河是中华文明最主要的发源地，中国人称其为“母亲河”。每年都会生产十六亿吨泥沙，其中有十二亿吨流入大海，剩下四亿吨长年留在黄河下游，形成冲积平原，有利于种植。
河南位于我国中部偏东、黄河中下游，处在东经11021～11639，北纬3123～3622之间，与冀、晋、陕、鄂、皖、鲁6省毗邻,东西长约580公里，南北跨 确约550公里。
全省土地面积16.7万平方公里，在全国各省市区中居 第17位。
截止20xx年底，全省辖17个省辖市，1个省直管市，21个县级 市，48个市辖区，89个县，2123个乡镇，4.80万个行政村。
省辖市为：郑州、开封、洛阳、平顶山、安阳、鹤壁、新乡、焦作、濮阳、 许昌、漯河、三门峡、南阳、商丘，省辖地区为：周口、驻马店、信 阳，省直管市为济源市。
20xx年底河南省总人口达9555万人，居全国第1位，人口密度为572人/平方公里。
截至到20xx年，全省汉族人口占总人口数的98.78%，除汉族外，有回族、蒙古族、满族、土家...
第五篇：河南导游词
天波杨府是一座大型仿宋建筑群，占地面积3。3公顷，由东、中、西三个院落组成。天波杨府的绿化布局紧密配合古建筑和纪念杨家将业绩的氛围，根据不同的建筑风貌和三个院落的不同功能分别配置了不同的树种和花卉，再现了古典园林的意境及其深刻的内涵。植物配置的庄严、紧凑合理，人工造景的构思巧妙，产生了动静结合、宜庄宜谐的效果。整体绿化效果集观赏性、艺术性、趣味性于一体，真可谓古今交融指境交融，宛如一首无声的诗、一幅立体的画。体现了时代的审美情趣，堪称中原园林美化之精品。天波杨府西院是具有江南园林风格的花园景区。小桥流水、花香鸟语、山石亭树、曲径通幽，是画样的“仙境”之地。
花园中广植不同造型气质的植物，有高大俊美的合欢，虬盘错节的拐桑，翩翩垂柳锋利剑麻，千姿百态的奇花、树种巧妙搭配，形成疏密高矮不同，上、中、下空间开合变化无穷的景观。各色花灌木迎春、碧桃、紫荆、桂花、连翘随季节依次开花，色。香、形俱全。假山后、散石旁、墙角处的“岁寒三友”松、竹、梅形成了静温氛围。道路旁丛兰围边，三色莫、千日红、金盏、虞美人、万寿菊煞是缤纷可爱。天波碧潭中飘浮着灵秀的粉、白睡莲，碧潭上婉蜒的九曲桥连接着怪石层叠的假山和凉亭，水树凌驾于碧波之上宛如平空飘起一座楼阁。园中挂果植物木瓜、柿子、桃、石榴等穿插迂回，硕果累累，呈现出“春华秋实”之意境。凌霄、爬墙虎、紫藤的垂直绿化，构成了飘逸、柔美。幽静的角落景致，给游人～种置身大自然的神情。当沿小径行进，往南绕过一个小门，视野豁然开朗，宽阔的杨家湖、戏水野鸭和广表的草地呈现眼前，会使你由静与幽的境界转入动与旷，情绪为之一振，形成游兴高潮。
湖边的柳丝低垂轻拂水面，颇有一种“垂柳情丝”之情致。荷花池护岸砌石，安放石凳。微风掠过，荷叶摇曳，荷香扑鼻，荡涤了人们心中的污浊之气。广场地面草皮平整柔软，围墙边红、黄、粉三色月季和红、黄两色美人蕉，形成疏密相间的花带。石狮两边的道路旁两排大株深绿色黄杨球和嫩绿色扫帚草，与畦地中艳丽的花朵前呼后拥，将背景南大门烘托得威武壮观。散步至此，观荷赏花，傍水休想，将使你顿觉心旷神情。南大门内，迎面照壁两旁、钟鼓楼前对称的大片醉浆草草坪，玫红小花旭放夕合，极具观赏性。天波杨府中院建筑风格宏伟、古朴，“清风无佞天波滴水楼”挺拔高耸，二楼俯视即可纵览全国及周边美景。室内采用传统彩色泥塑再现了杨家将历史演义故事，场面恢宏，人物造型逼真。院中大量排植了树形端庄、整齐的桧柏、侧柏、黄杨等常青植物，形成了庄严肃穆、四季常青的对称式植物群落。大波杨府绿化美化一步一景，意境深远。园内树木挺拔俊秀，青翠欲滴，花气袭人果香扑鼻，集中地表现出自然界赋予人们的色彩美；弯弯的小桥派派的流水象是历史的证人，无言地诉说着杨家将满门忠烈抗击侵略的动人故事。天波杨府不仅是人们缅怀杨家将事迹、接受爱国主义教育的场所，也是恰情养性的理想之地。过杨无敌庙苏辙行宫寂寞寄关门，野草犹如避血痕。一败可怜非战罪，大刚嗟独谓人言。驰驱本为中原用，尝享能令异域尊。我欲比君周子隐，诛彤聊足慰忠魂。注：北宋中期，著名文学家苏辙出使辽朝经古北。时见到祭把杨业的庙宇，便写下了这首诗。诗中的周子隐即晋代周处，形即晋代梁工司马彤。周处为人正直，曾弹劾司马彤违法之事，后来周处随司马彤出征，被强逼以五千向七万之敌进攻，又得不到救兵，结果力战而死。这首诗既表彰了杨业的功绩和威名，又揭露了王忧无端毁谤杨业的恶行，把潘美比成晋代挟私怨在战场上陷害周处的司马彤。表示要诛杀潘美等罪人以慰杨业的忠魂，反映了当时人们的不平情绪。
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