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西安碑林导游词

2022-11-06 19:09:48

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第一篇:碑林导游词

各位朋友

大家好!欢迎来到有“石质书库”“书法的故乡”之称的西安碑林博物馆,今天由我带领大家欣赏这里的碑石墓志石刻造像,碑林历史悠久,始建于公元1087年,距今已有900多年。这里收藏我国古代碑石时间最早、数量最大、名碑最多,是一座真正的书法艺术宝库。碑林是在宋代孔庙的基础上扩建而成的,因而保留了孔庙的部分布局。如取义出入礼仪之门的西门“礼门”,东门“义路”。南面这座雕梁画栋的木牌坊称为太和元气坊,是由华山西岳庙移来的。它南面是塞门。再往前这两个半扇形的水池,叫泮池。它也是古代孔庙特有的一种建筑,在封建社会只有考中秀才的人才能通过泮桥去拜谒孔子,并在池中取水洗笔,所以呢我们将考中秀才也叫做“入泮”。碑林,是以泮桥北棂星门的中门为主轴线,由南向北依次排开。进入棂星门,我们来看一下仪殿东西两侧的这两件国宝级文物:景云钟和大夏石马。景云钟,因铸于唐睿宗景云年间而得名。这口钟纹饰精美,钟声悦耳宏亮,上有292字铭文,是睿宗李旦少有的传世之作。大家每年除夕夜听到的辞旧迎新的新年钟声就是我们景云钟的钟声。大家再随我来看这座大夏石马。大夏是匈奴族建立的最后一个政权,由于当时战事连绵不断,大夏国建都只有短短的24年,这匹唯一有大夏纪年的石马就显得弥足珍贵。

好了,咱们继续往前走。大家看到道路两旁这六座对称的八角亭是清代建筑,里面陈放的碑石,主要记载的是当年康熙、乾隆平定战乱的一些经过,我们称其为御碑亭。

现在大家随我来看这个亭子,它就是我们碑林标志性的建筑和象征了。上面的“碑林”二字相传是清代著名爱国将领林则徐书写的。碑亭下陈放的是久负盛名的石台孝经。它是碑林中保存最早,形成最特别,雕刻最华丽的碑石。“孝经”是孔子的学生曾参编撰的,主要讲的是孝道,因立于三层石之上而得名。这通碑高约 6米,四面刻字,由碑座、碑身、碑首共35块巨大的青石组成。碑文是由唐玄宗李隆基用隶书所写,字体雍容大度,端庄秀美,非常的华美飘逸,并用小楷在旁边作了注解。其目的是达到“以孝治天下”。碑额上刻有“大唐开元,天宝圣文,神武皇帝,注孝经台”,这十六个大字是由玄宗的儿子肃宗李亨用篆书所写的。整个碑文集中了由两位皇帝书写的四种不同书体,同时宣扬的都是儒家的孝道,所以,不论是从历史价值还是艺术价值来看,都是无与伦比的。因此我们也常称此碑为“迎客第一碑”。好了,现在我们就进入各陈室进行参观吧。在这个第一展厅里,主要陈放《开成石经》。它因刻于唐文宗开成年间而得名。建立碑林的最初目的就是为了保护《开成石经》和刚刚参观完的《石台孝经》的。《开成石经》的内容包括:《周易》、《尚书》、《周礼》、,《仪礼》、《礼记》、《春秋左氏传》、《公羊传》、《毂梁传》、《诗经》、《尔雅》等十二部经典著作。这些都是封建社会文人学士科举考试的必读之书。由于当时活版印刷还没有发明,就连雕版刷也还不普及,为了避免传抄的错误,唐文宗下令将它们刻在石碑上,立于国家最高学府国子监太学内,作为范本,供人们校对。《开成石经》共114块,228面,650252字。清代又补刻了《孟子》,合称十三经。等一会儿大家可以回来细细品读这世界上最重、最厚的一部石质书籍了。

现在,我们前往第二展室。这里陈列的是唐代一些著名书法家的碑石。它们常常被人们作为学习各种书体的入门范本。

唐代是我国历史上一个繁荣昌盛的国家,政治、文化、经济都得到了空前的发展,各类人才辈出。那么它的外交又如何呢?请大家来看一下这通《大秦景教流行中国碑》。这是一块记载基督教传入中国情况的碑石,是件国宝级的文物,也是我们碑林中国际知名度最高的一块碑石。“大秦”,是唐代对东罗马帝国的称呼,“景教”,是基督教的一个派系“聂斯脱里派”传到中国后的叫法。景教在公元635年传到中国,此碑刻于公元781年,碑文记载了景教的教旨、教义、在中国的传播以及景教徒在我国唐代150年中的活动情况。碑文下方有古叙利 1 文。此碑一经出土,曾风靡一时,对研究宗教史及中国古代东西方文化交流,提供了宝贵的历史资料。

我们再来看这个号称“千金帖”的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》,此碑立于唐高宗咸亨三年,是长安弘福寺高僧怀仁受命,集晋代大书法家王羲之的字体刻的,传说怀仁在集字过程中,有几个字怎么也找不到,不得已奏请朝廷贴出告示,谁献出碑文中急需的字,一字赏金一千,这就是“一字千金”的由来,后人把此碑的拓本称作《千金帖》。好,继续往前走,我们去第三展室参观。这里主要陈列历代各种书体名碑,其中包括篆、隶、楷、行、草等5种书体,通过这些碑石,可以看出我国汉字演变的过程。我们先看一下隶书的代表汉《曹全碑》。这方碑出土于陕西合阳县,曹全是合阳的县令,为官期间,清政廉洁,为人们所拥戴,死后人们就集资为他立了此碑。碑中的隶书字体秀美多姿,蚕头燕尾,结构匀称,一波三折,外显俊秀而内含刚健,是现存汉碑中的精品。再来看一下草书的代表作-草圣张旭的《千字文》。张旭是唐代杰出的书法家,俗称张颠,因为他性格豪放,为人洒脱,每次趁醉尽兴挥舞,狂放不羁。这篇《千字文》,上下贯通,首尾相接,大小错落,浓淡相间。初看如一堆乱麻,连绵不断,但实际上每个字的翻转,跳跃都遵循严格的法度。

下来我们去参观一下“石刻艺术室”,石刻艺术室分为陵墓石刻和宗教石刻两部分展出。首先我们看这组图称为东汉画像石。它源于西汉,盛于东汉。内容除少数神话历史传说外,大量取材于现实生活,最具代表的就是这幅《牛耕图》,这种“二牛抬杠”的耕作方法生动地再现了2000多年前我国东汉人的生活情景。

这组“昭陵六骏”,来自唐太宗李世民的昭陵。这六匹马是李世民在打江山时驰骋疆场时所乘过的,它们都为大唐帝国的奠基立下了丰功伟绩。李世民为显示自己的赫赫战功和对六骏的纪念,于公元 636年令画家阎立本设计,雕刻家阎立德依形复制刻于石上,并亲自书写赞语,由当时的大书法家欧阳询书写刻在每件浮雕的右上角。“昭陵六骏”不仅造型高超,就是其名称、色泽和战斗经历都有一段十分动人的故事。令人惋惜的是“六骏”中的“飒露紫”和“拳毛騧”在1914年流失美国,现存于美国宾夕法尼亚大学。其余四骏也历经了千年风霜,在它们身上,既记载着曾经的辉煌,也承载了历史的耻辱。

下来我们看到的是一组葬具——李寿石椁。李寿是高祖李渊的堂弟,死后陪葬于高祖献陵。椁是棺外的一道葬具,在石椁的内外有线刻的乐伎、舞伎、侍女、文臣武将还有狩猎图,真实地反映了当时的宫廷乐舞和贵族生活的盛况。

好,我们进入宗教展区参观。大家看到的这个叫“皇兴造像”。“皇兴”是北魏的年号,它采用浮雕手法来体现犍陀罗雕艺术。犍陀罗是古印度的一个地名,它集中了犍陀罗与古希腊两地雕刻技法的精华,它的特点是姿态生动,线条简洁,衣纹质感强。

最后,我们来看一下这尊汉白玉雕刻的老君像,它原来供奉在骊山的老君殿,是华清宫朝元阁的遗物。我们看老君身着宽松的道袍,腰系衣带,正襟危坐于石台之上,神情庄严肃慕,双目智慧而深遂,是罕见的佳作。据说这尊老君像是安禄山为取悦唐玄宗,在开元天宝年间,从幽州范阳令名工巧匠用汉白玉雕刻而成。

好,我们碑林的参观讲解就简单向大家介绍到这里,谢谢各位。

第二篇:西安碑林博物馆英文导游词最新

西安碑林

Good morning, Ladies and gentlemen.Today we are going to visit the treasure house of ancient calligraphy and stone carving art of China, the Museum of Forest of Stone Tablets, which is located at the site of Confucian temple in SanXue Street, Xi’an.This museum was set up in 1087 and it collected more than 3000 stone tablets from the Han dynasty through the Qing dynasty.The whole area consists of 3 parts: Confucian temple, exhibition of stone tablets and stone carvings.//总述

Here we can see this museum is very beautiful because it used the tradition Chinese courtyard style.So compared with other places, this museum is always quite peaceful and very silence.Now I’d like to take this temple as an example to talk a little bit about Confucian, the great philosopher, educationist, politician in feudal society.And he was highly respected by Chinese.In order to show the respect for him, all the Confucian temple have no gate facing south, as this one showing only the gate open to the east and west what we called the gate of righteousness and courtesy respectively.//简介孔子

Ok, now this way please.Inside this museum, we can see a wooden Memorial arch standing here;its Chinese name is “PaiLou”.It is set up to honor or commemorate a distinguished person;as we continue our walking, now we are on the bridge over pond in half circle which is special structure of Confucian temple, in the ancient time only those students who passed state examination would be allowed to pass here.//太和元气坊,畔池

Now let’s go through the stone gate in the middle which was only for high ranks in the past.Here we can see two national treasures.On the west side there is a stone horse which was one of few relics of DaXia short period.The Da xia period is a very short period in Chinese history, and there are lots of wars at that time.It’s difficult to find relics of this time, so it’s very precious.In the east pavilion there is the JingYun Bell which was cast in 711AD and was moved here from JingLong Taoist temple.This Bell is unique in 3 aspects: first: it has exquisitely carving with phoenix and dragons.Second, it has beautiful sound which was recorded by CCTV and was played on New Years’ eve to welcome the New Year’s coming.Third, it has unique epigraph.//大夏石马,景云钟

Now we are going to visit 7 major stone tablet exhibition rooms.In front of the first exhibition room, we can see the stone-base Classic of Filial piety which is the largest and earliest one in this museum.It stands about 6 meters high and was made up of 35 pieces of blue stones.It was engraved in 745AD and annotated by LiLongJi(the 7th emperor of Tang dynasty).He wrote the preface to show his wish to manage the country by advocating the principles of Filial piety.//石台孝经

In the first room, let’s see the most completed and heaviest books in the world “The KaiCheng stone Classics” which was the doctrine of the Confucius and “must readings” for all the intellectuals in feudal society.In the past, copying was the popular way for students who study the doctrines.To prevent copying errors, emperor Tang Wenzong employed many sculptors to carve the 12 classics on stone tablets for the students to get the rubbings from them.With another classic “Mencius” carved in Qing dynasty together we call “13 classics”.//开成石经

In the second room, we can see many stone tablets of calligraphy in Tang dynasty.And the most famous one is the Nestorian Tablet.This tablet is also a national treasure, as it was the first one in Syrian characters that recorded Nestorians(one sect of Christianity)was introduced into China from Roman Empire in 635AD.It describes its essence, ceremony, and activities in China.//大秦景教流行中国碑 In the third room, various style of Chinese calligraphy can be seen on stone tablets such as the seal script, the official script, regular script, running hand and cursive hand.Let me give you very brief introduction of the development of Chinese characters.The seal scripts were only popular in Qin dynasty, and it was difficult for us to reading and writing.Based on that, new forms were created: they are the official and regular scripts.This was easy to remember because today we are still using it and it is popular to everybody.Running and cursive hand were also boldly used by some calligraphers at that time, it is quite different to control.//中国文字字体发展简史 The rest exhibition rooms house calligraphy and paintings, literatures and poems from different dynasties, And in the court yard you can see many stone stakes with animals or figures carved on the top.In the past, they are for tying horses as well as for decoration.Ok, this way please.We are going to see the stone carving gallery.The stone carvings here are the masterpiece of stone arts from Han and Tang dynasty that arranged in chronological order.It can be divided into two parts: those are found from tombs and those are related to religions.Here, I’d like to introduce the six famous steeds for you.They are so beautiful and vivid, also, they were the best friends of Tang emperor Tai zong(the second emperor of Tang dynasty), because they kept their master in safe each time when they wounded with arrows on battle.In memory of his horses, Tang emperor Tai zong had them carved in relief to company his tomb.However, it’s very pity that two of the pieces were missing;now they are kept in the museum of university of Pennsylvania.//石刻艺术室(昭陵六骏)Ok, everyone, so much for this today.We still have some free time.So next, you may look around and take some pictures.We’ll leave at 11o’clock, so please don’t be late.You know I will miss you.And I’ll stay here, if you have any question, please ask me.By the way, watch your step please!So next, it’s your turn.Enjoy yourself and thank you for listening.//结束

第三篇:西安景点导游词

中国明西安府城墙。在陕西省西安市。建于明洪武三年至十一年(1370~1378),在唐长安城的皇城和元代奉元城基本上扩建而成。原为夯土城墙,明隆庆年间(1567~1572)巡抚张祉在夯土城墙外初次包砖。清乾隆年间(1736~1795)陕西巡抚毕沅举办大局限的维修和加固,将包墙增厚,铺设海墁,并增修排水道、宇墙垛口等。城墙周长13。75公里,为中国现存完备、局限最大的城墙。1961年中华人民共和国国务院发布为世界重点文物掩护单元。

据文献记实,明代建筑的西安城,西墙和南墙都是操作原唐代皇城的城墙而增修加长的,东墙和北墙是扩大新建的。西墙和南墙内均发明有唐代城墙和城门的遗迹。城墙用黄土夯筑而成。明代建筑的城墙用黄土加石灰、细沙并掺麦秸、草渣混淆分层夯筑而成,夯层厚10~12厘米。城墙高12米,底宽16~18米,顶宽12~14米。墙顶均以三层青砖铺设海墁,每隔40~60米处,有一砖砌溜水槽和吐水嘴。城内除四门左侧各有登城马道外,还有6处马道。城墙内沿墙附近筑女墙,外沿墙有垛口5984个。城墙外壁附近有马面98座。马面伸出墙面11米,宽20米,各马面之间相距120米,恰在弓箭和火铳的射程之内。

城的四角各筑有一个突出城墙的角台(楼),除西南城角台为圆形外,导游实务,其他3个为方形。据掘客得知,这种圆形角台是元代的建制,明代扩建西安城时,因西南角未动而保存下来。城墙每面各辟一门,东名长乐,西名安宁,南名永定,北名安远。门外筑瓮城,门上建楼,门楼有正楼、箭楼、闸楼三重,闸楼及周围城墙已在民国初年拆除,现存正楼、箭楼6座。除南面箭楼下无门洞外(门洞分从瓮城阁下开),其他3门箭楼下各穿门洞。门洞高宽6米,深19。5米。正楼为重楼,面宽七间,进深二间,高36米,三层檐歇山顶,周有回廊,楼下及平座均施斗□,箭楼以青砖为主布局,面宽十一间,进深两间,高33。4米,单檐歇山顶,正面分设四层箭窗,各12孔,总共48孔,阁下各3层,总共9孔。楼的不和有两层房檐,均施斗□,下有檐廊。城外护城河宽20米,深10米。1983年开始对城墙举办全面整修。

第四篇:西安景点导游词

位于西安市中心区,呈长方形,墙高12米,底宽18米,顶宽15米,东墙长2590米,西墙长2631.2米,南墙长3441.6米,北墙长3241米,总周长11.9公里。有城门四座:东长乐门,西安宁门,南永宁门,北安远门,每个城门都由箭楼和城楼构成。现存城墙建于明洪武七年到十一年(1374―1378),至今已有600多年汗青,是我国现存最完备的一座古代城垣构筑。

西安城墙是明朝出年在明太祖朱元璋的政策“高筑墙、广积粮、缓称王”的指导下,在唐皇城的基本上建成的。完全环绕“防止”计谋系统,城墙的厚度大于高度,稳定如山,墙顶可以跑车和训练。城墙包罗护城河、吊桥、闸楼、箭楼、正楼、角楼、敌楼、女儿墙、垛口等一系列军事办法。城墙自建成后历经三次大的整修。明隆庆二年(1568年)陕西巡抚张祉主持修复使土城第一次酿成砖城;清乾隆四十六年(1781年)陕西巡抚毕源主持对城墙和城楼作了整修;自1983年以来,陕西省和西安市人民当局对这座古城墙举办了大局限修缮,补建已被拆毁的东门、北门箭楼、南门闸楼、吊桥,并建成环城公园,从而使这座古构筑抖擞了旧日风范,成为西安的一大旅游景观。

第五篇:西安碑林导游词

西安碑林博物馆位于文昌门附近,馆内由碑林、石刻艺术等部分组成,其中由历代碑石、墓志组成的碑林是馆内的亮点,其中包括颜真卿、柳公权、怀素等书法名家的碑刻,还有《石台孝经》和《开成石经》两块唐代碑刻。

在碑林博物馆内,你能够欣赏到历朝历代的碑刻和墓志,这里收藏的碑刻和墓志时间跨度长达2000多年。其中的珍品有:颜真卿的《颜勤礼碑》、《颜家庙碑》等,是标准的“颜体”;柳公权的《大达法师玄秘塔碑》,是“柳体”中最典型的'代表作;唐代怀仁和尚从晋王羲之遗留的墨迹中选集而成的《大唐三藏圣教序碑》;著名草书家怀素的《千字文》,笔意奔放。

除了书法大家的石刻外,最受游客欢迎就是《石台孝经》和《开成石经》两块碑刻。《石台孝经》,是儒家经典,碑文由两个皇帝以四种字体书写的,即:唐玄宗李隆基以隶书书写碑文,又以楷书作小字注释,又在碑刻成后在碑侧用行书作批注,而此这块碑的碑额是由唐肃宗李亨用篆书所写的。《开成石经》刻成于唐文宗开成二年(公元837年),一共包括诗,书,礼,易,春秋等十二部经书。

在碑林博物馆浏览时,还可以在馆内的“石刻艺术馆”中观赏到四神墓门、唐昭陵六骏图、孔子见老子图、青龙朱雀图等精美的石刻。游玩后,还可以购买到用原碑刻拓印出来的“碑帖”,不过这里的“碑帖”价格不算便宜,从几百元至上千元不等。如果你的要求不是很高,可以在碑林边上的书院门步行街上购买碑帖,价格相比较便宜些。

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