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Welcome to Yunnan, Welcome to Tengchong! It’s my honor to be your guide. Today we are going to visit the volcanoes and hot springs in Tengchong, which are the most famous here.
As we will get there in a few minutes, first allow me to give you a brief intoduction of Tengchong. Tengchong is located in the southwest of China and occupies an area of 5800 square kilometers. There are 23 nationalities here, such as han、dai、hui、bai nationalities and so on. When we mentioned Tengchong, three things will come into mind, which are: the volcanoes and hot springs having 10,000 years, the border city having 1,000 years and the fair of jade having 100 years. Later we will get to the volcanoes and the hot spring, so now I can tell you something about the latter two ones. They all can reflect the long history Tengchong has. Tengchong is a city on boarder. And because of its location, it has been an important place for military reasons. And that’s a part of its history. It’s also regarded as the county of manners, and it is the hometown of so many famous people. And another part of its history is that Tengchong is one trade center of jade between China and Burma. So don’t forget to get a round to the jade fair. I think you will feel interested.
OK, everyone, here is the Library of the Volcanoes. Now let’s have a look at .The volcanoes in Tengchong are famous in China, and it’s one of the four groups of volcanoes in China. The strong extravasations are the cause of the landform of Tengchong. There is a lieder in Tengchong saying that:” Such a place Tengchong, nine in ten mountains have no peaks.” It’s very vivid, from that you can see so many volcanoes are in Tengchong. There are 97 volcanoes in Tengchong now with high value of tourism and scientific research.
And now let’s go to see the youngest volcano in Tengchong, we called it “daying” Mountain, which means hunting eagles. This volcano lies in the center of the whole place and stands in a height of more than 2600 meters. It looks sheer, tall and straight, just like the famous Fuji in Japan. And we always consider it to be Fuji second.
Everyone, pay attention to this kind of special stone. It looks like a very big stone, maybe it’s too heavy to carry. And now look at me, I can hold it easily. Aha, it’s light, lighter than I think. This kind of stone we call it “fushi”, which means a kind of stone can float on the water. It’s formed by the erupting of the volcanoes. Everyone, please follow me. Now we will go to see the hot springs. There are all kinds of hot springs in Tengchong, which occupy a vast land. When you go there you can see a vaporous world just like a wonderland. The temperature of the water is very high.
各位旅客朋友大家早上好,盼望许久,终于和大家见面了,很开心。我是你们这一旅程的小伙伴,导游xxx,大家可以叫我小x。看得出来,因长时间的车程,你们已有些许疲劳,但是一路有小黄,再苦也不难。这位是我们的司机姐姐,别看她年轻貌美,但她车技很好,真是技如其人,她开车你放心。请大家按次序上旅游车,这里离目的地丽江古城还需要一些时间,你们可以稍微缓解疲劳或者在车上娱乐娱乐,我会尽我所能为大家服务。
看你们兴奋地不时眺望窗外,看得出大家都是爱丽江的人。
The Great Wall at Juyongguan Pass(居庸关长城)
Juyongguan Pass is located at 50 kilometers northwest of downtown Beijing.The mountions flanking the valley have many graceful peaks. The slopes on both sides of the narrow passes are covered with dense trees and plants. So, it used to be one of the famous” Eight Views of Yanjing”.There was a 20-kilometer-long valley called “Guangou Valley” from south to north, with 4 passes along the valley named “Nankou,Juyongguan,Shangguan and Badaling”.They were of great strategic importance in defending the national capital of Beijing.JuYongguan Pass is one of them.
The name “Juyong ”in Chinese means “a place of poor laborers”. According to historical records ,Emperor Qin Shihuang forced many conscripts to build this part of the Great Wall.
Inside Juyong Pass there is an ancient marble platform known as“Cloud Terrace”.It was first built in 1342 during the Yuan Dynasty.There used to be three Tibetan style pagodas built on the terrace with a road passing under it from north to south. Therefore, it was also called “The Crossing Road Pagoda”.Later, when the pagodas were destroyed, a temple was built on the very site . However,the temple was burnt down in a fire in the early years of the Qing Dynasty,so only the terrace remained. There are also Buddhist scriptures inscribed on the stone wall in the Sanskrit,Tibetan,Basiba(a kind of Mongolian script),Xixia,Uygur and Han languages.They offer us wonderful examples of their exquisite workmanship and vividness in carving.They are extremely valuable to the study of Buddhism and ancient languages.
Today on the way to Badaling Great Wall you can see a railway running by the Badaling Expressway. It is well-known at the Beijing- Zhangjiakou Railway. It is more than 200 kilometers away from Beijing to Zhangjiakou.The railway is very famous in China because it was the first railway designed and constructed by Chinese itself. Its chief designer was Zhan Tianyou-a famous railway engineer in China.
The Great Wall at Badaling(八达岭长城)
The Badaling Great Wall is about 75 kilometers northwest of Beijing,and it is the best-preserved part of the Great Wall.Bada means“convenient transportation to all directions”. Roads from Badaling lead to Yanqing Country to its north; Xuanhua, Zhangjiakou and Datong to the west; to the east is Yongning and Sihai; Beijing is to the south. From here people can go to all directions,hence the name of Badaling. The Badaling section is about 12 kilometers long with 24 watch towers and 4 wall platforms. There are four characters inscribed on the eastern pass of Badaling; “Juyongwaizhen” which means there was another strategic town outside the Juyong Pass. On the western pass of Badaling, there is an inscription with four words “ Beimensuoyue” carved on the top of the pass, which means, “a key to the north gate”, describing that Badaling Pass was just like a lock on the gate of Beijing. Therefore, if the gate was unlocked by a key, Beijing would be open to danger.
East of Badaling Pass lies a big rock known as, “Looking-Toward Beijing Rock.” Originally, this rock was a huge rock measuring 7 meters long and 2 meters wide. It is said that in 1900, when the Eight Allied Forces attacked Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi hastily escaped from Beijing. When she got here, she suddenly wanted to see the city of Beijing once again. She got up on this big rock and turned to look toward Beijing in the distance, so that’s why it is called “Looking-Toward Beijing Rock”
The Great Wall at Badaling averages 7.8 meters high, 6.5 meters wide at its base, and 5.8 meters on the top, wide enough for five horses or ten solidiers walking abreast on the wall.
Watch Towers were built at regular intervals on the Great Wall itself for watching over the invading enemy .A watch tower was usually two stories high, and the defense solidiers lived inside. The ground floor was used for storing weapons and had a number of windows for archers. The upper floor had battlements, peep holes and apertures for archers. In the middle of the tower there were small living quarters for the defense solidiers.The watch towers were not only used by the defending troops to take shelter from the wind ,rain and heat, but also to fight and check the enemy’s advance ,and store arms and ammunition .
各位游客大家好:
前方高耸的砖墙就是我国现存较为完整的四座古城之一的平遥城。距今有 2700 多年的历史了。迄今为止,它还较为完整地保留着明清时期的县城基本风貌,堪称中国汉民族地区现存最为完整的古城。
平遥古城最大的特色就是古城墙。现在,请大家随我一起登上城墙,观赏一下古城墙的建构吧。
我们看到城墙上两边各有一道短墙,叫“女儿墙”,为什么叫“女儿墙”呢?民间流传着这样的故事:早先城上没有女儿墙,有一次,一个老人被拉来做工,和他相依为命的小孙女也天天随他来到城上,坐在旁边观看。一天,一位累极了的民工昏昏沉沉中竟走到城墙边上,小女孩怕他掉下去,用力向里推他,不料用力过大,民工得救了,小女孩却摔死了。为了纪念她,工匠们在城上修了矮墙,并把它叫做女儿墙。这实在是个感人的故事,但确实说明了女儿墙的保护性功能。 大家都注意到了,城墙每隔一段,就有一个向外突出的部分,这叫做墩台。墩台是干什么的呢?它是保卫城墙的。有了墩台,可以从三面组成一个强大的立体射击网,城防力量大大加强。在每个墩台上,还修有一座敌楼,上面有孔,也是为观察和射击用的。 平遥古城上共有 3000 个垛口, 72 座敌楼,那是象征着圣人孔夫子的三千弟子七十二贤人。
好了,各位游客,现在是自由活动时间,可以拍照,拍照时注意身体不要探到城墙外,注意安全,不要在城墙上刻字。谢谢大家的配合。
丽江古城位于中国西南部云南省的丽江市,丽江古城又名大研镇,坐落在丽江坝中部,与同为第二批国家历史文化名城的四川阆中、山西平遥、安徽歙县并称为“保存最为完好的四大古城”大研古城是一座没有城墙的古城,光滑洁净的青石板路、完全手工建造的土木结构的房屋、无处不在的小桥流水。大研古城是一座具有浓烈人文气息的小城,明亮的阳光下,总会有步履缓慢的上了年纪的纳西老人悠闲地踱步,他们身着藏满历史的靛蓝色衣服,头戴红军时期的八角帽,对眼前身后猎奇的目光视而不见、不屑一顾。
丽江古城内的街道依山傍水修建,铺的大多都是红色角砾岩,雨季不会泥泞、旱季也不会飞灰,石上花纹图案自然雅致,与整个古城环境相得益彰。位于古城中心的四方街是丽江古城的中心,位于古城与新城交界处的大水车是丽江古城的标志,古城大水车旁有一块大屏幕,每日播放的歌曲即是古城最受欢迎最有特色的歌曲,其中《纳西净地》是较为出名的`歌曲之一。
文化遗产
1、古街
街道依山势而建,顺水流而设,以红色角砾岩(五花石)铺就,雨季不泥泞、旱季不飞灰,石上花纹图案自然雅致,质感细腻,与整个城市环境相得益彰。四方街是丽江古街的代表,位于古城的核心位置,不仅是大研古城的中心,也是滇西北地区的集贸和商业中心。四方街是一个大约4000平方米的梯形小广场,五花石铺地,街道两旁的店铺鳞次栉比。其西侧的制高点是科贡坊,为风格独特的三层门楼。西有西河,东为中河。西河上设有活动闸门,可利用西河与中河的高差冲洗街面。从四方街四角延伸出四大主街:光义街、七一街、五一街,新华街,又从四大主街岔出众多街巷,如蛛网交错,四通八达,从而形成以四方街为中心、沿街逐层外延的缜密而又开放的格局。
2、古桥
在丽江古城区内的玉河水系上,飞架有354座桥梁,其密度为平均每平方公里93座。形式有廊桥(风雨桥)、石拱桥、石板桥、木板桥等。较著名的有锁翠桥、大石桥、万千桥、南门桥、马鞍桥、仁寿桥,均建于明清时期。
大石桥为古城众桥之首,位于四方街东向100米,由明代木氏土司所建,因从桥下中河水可看到玉龙雪山倒影,又名映雪桥。该桥系双孔石拱桥,拱圈用板岩石支砌,桥长10余米,桥宽近4米,桥面用传统的五花石铺砌,坡度平缓,便于两岸往来。
3、木府
木府原系丽江世袭土司木氏衙署,“略备于元,盛于明”。历经战乱动荡,1998年春重建,并在府内设立了古城博物院。
修复重建的木府占地46亩,坐西向东,沿中轴线依地势建有忠义坊、义门、前议事厅、万卷楼、护法殿、光碧楼、玉音楼、三清殿、配殿、阁楼、戏台、过街楼、家院、走廊、宫驿等15幢,大大小小计162间。衙内挂有几代皇帝钦赐的十一块匾额,上书“忠义”、“诚心报国”、“辑宁边境”等。有人评价:“木府是凝固的丽江古乐,是当代的创世史诗。”
4、福国寺五凤楼
五凤楼(原名法云间),位于黑龙潭公园北端,始建于明万历二十九年,1983年被公布为云南省重点文物保护单位。楼高20米,为层甍三重担结构,基呈亚字形,楼台三叠,屋担八角,三层共24个飞檐,就象五只彩凤展翅来仪,故名五凤楼。全楼共有32棵柱子落地,其中四棵中柱各高12米,柱上部分用斗架手法建成,楼尖贴金实顶。天花板上绘有太极图、飞天神王、龙凤呈祥等图案,线条流畅,色彩绚丽,具有汉、藏、纳西等民族的建筑艺术风格,是中国古代建筑中稀世珍宝和典型范例。
5、白沙民居建筑群
白沙民居建筑群位于大研古城北8公里处,曾是宋元时期丽江政治经济文化的中心。白沙民居建筑群分布在一条南北走向的主轴上,中心有一个梯形广场,四条巷道从广场通向四方。民居铺面沿街设立,一股清泉由北面引入广场,然后融入民居群落,极具特色。白沙民居建筑群形成和发展为后来丽江大研古城的布局奠定了基础。
6、束河民居建筑群
束河民居建筑群在丽江古城西北4公里处,是丽江古城周边的一个小集市。束河依山傍水,民居房舍错落有致。街头有一潭泉水,称为“九鼎龙潭”,又称“龙泉”。青龙河从束河村中央穿过,建于明代的青龙桥横跨其上。青龙桥高4米、宽4.5米、长23米,是丽江境内最大的石拱桥。桥束侧建有长32米、宽27米的四方广场,形制与丽江古城四方街相似,同样可以引水洗街。
景观引导
一、登高揽胜,你可看古城形势。古城巧妙地利用了地形,西有狮子山,北有象山、金虹山,背西北而向东南,避开了雪山寒气,接引东南暖风,藏风聚气,占尽地利之便。
二、临河就水,你可观古城水情。古城充分利用泉水之便,使玉河水在城中一分为三,三分成九,再分成无数条水渠。使之主街傍河、小巷临渠,使古城清净而充满生机。
三、走街入院,你可欣赏古城建筑。古城建筑全为古朴的院落民居,房屋构造简造、粗犷,而庭院布置和房屋细部装饰丰富而细腻,居民喜植四时花木,形成人与自然的美好和谐。
四、入市过桥,你可一览古城布局。古城布局自由灵活,不拘一格,民居、集市、道路、水系组织聚散合理,配置得当,再加上石、石桥、木桥、花鸟虫鱼、琴棋书画、民风民俗,生发出无穷意趣,使古城独具魅力。
大家好,欢迎大家来到丽江古城,我是你们的导游小赵。今天,大家可以跟随着我去丽江古城。在云南丽江,流传着这样一首诗:无限风光在丽江,丽江古城在东方,历经九百年不毁,丽江风景数它美。这是夸赞丽江古城风光美、历史久。现在,我就带你们走进这丽江古城去看一看吧!
百闻不如一见,现在我们就来到了仙境般的丽江古城。丽江古城依山傍水,以红色角砾岩铺就,雨季不会泥泞,旱季不会飞灰,石上花纹图案自然雅致,与整个环境相得益彰,到处都显示着一种恰到好处的美。游客们,现在我们就一起进去看看吧!注意不要乱扔垃圾并注意安全。
我们现在就来到了丽江古城有名的“三眼井”,它从高到低分三级地势流淌,周围用石条分别砌成三到围栏。第一眼井日常饮用,第二眼井洗菜,第三眼井洗衣。因三眼井依地势而成,下塘水不会污染上塘水,既节约又环保。
当夜晚降临,月亮清亮地俯视着古城。古城的过道边上挂满红灯笼的酒吧和店铺,大家可以挑选靠窗的座位,细细体会它的意境。这时,被岁月磨得全无棱角的青石板,此时此刻似乎也有了生命。
有一种“迷失”叫丽江。当你来过一次后,它的美景会让你一辈子怀念。大家永远要记得丽江古城九百年历史磨滑的石板路,古城店铺里的民族服饰和工艺品,酒吧一条街难以忘怀的一夜……所有的一切都值得珍藏!游客们,感谢大家的到来,美丽的丽江古城欢迎大家下次再来。