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第一篇：英语导游词泉州导游词
泉州导游词
Overview of Quanzhou TouristryQuanzhou is a well-known hometown for overseas Chinese and a majority of the Han population in Taiwanese.The total population in the municipality is over 6.7 million.About 9 million of Han nationality in Taiwan are originally from Quanzhou.In recent years, the number of visitors from Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao has been increasing.They come back for pilgrimage to their visit ancestors’ graves, visit their families and friends, make investments and conduct busine and sightseeing.This has greatly promoted the social and economic development in Quanzhou.
Quanzhou is one of first 24 important national historic and cultural cities announced by the State Council.From Tang Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, “Citong Port” in Quanzhou was one of the major ports for foreign trade.It was the departure point of “marine silk route” and enjoyed the grand reputation of “largest oriental port”.The city has numerous famous scenic spots, cultural and historic relics.Among 399 protected cultural relics in the city, 12 are of state level and 37 are of province level.
1.Chongwu Ancient Town “natural film studio” and “Beidaihe in the South”.It is located at Chongwu Township, the coastal jag in the east of Hui-an County.
The site covers an area of 300 Mu, winding along the coastline, composed of Chongwu ancient town, Hui-an women glamour, the granite carving museum, and Earth Art.The well-preserved T-shaped city wall of Chongwu ancient town is located on just the opposite of the scenic spot.It is regarded as “case of the ancient systematic civil work due to its unique architecture.The area has been listed by provincial tourism Bureau as the key construction project for tourism and announced by Quanzhou Municipal Government as the first batch of famous scenic spots, receiving over one million tourists each year.
2.Qingyuan Mountain Quanzhou is 2 km from the down town and directly acceible by bus.The sight is known as “No.1 Penglai Mountain in Fujian Province” and the “Back garden of Quanzhou”.
The scenic sight covers a total area of 62 km2, consisting Qingyuan Mountain, Jiuri Mountain, Lingshan secret tomb, and Xibeiyang.Qingyuan Mountain has three national key culture relics located on 8 sites.The most attractive site is the giant granite statue of an old gentleman, which is 5.63 meters high, 6.85 meters thick and 8.01 meters wide.Covering an area of 55 m2, it is the largest Taoist granite statue existing at present in China.In addition, there are also Islamic tombs in Song Dynasty, Qifeng rock calligraphy group on Jiuri Mountain, the granite statue of “Sanshifu (Three-generation Buddha)”of Tibetan Buddhism of Yuan Dynasty, the giant granite statue of “Amituofu”, and the Buddhist relics of Hongyi master, the senior monk in modern history, and the Buddhist relics of Hui-an native Guanqin master monk which is brought back from Taiwan.The mountain has gathered rock calligraphies of Taoism, Confucius, Buddhism, Muslim, Muni, as well as many fine calligraphy since Tang and Song Dynasties, hence the name of “Museum of Stone Carving”.
3.Ling Mountain Sacred Tomb
Fengze District Forest Park.It is the best protected Muslim relics existing in China.
Covers an area of 300 m2, the existing tomb is a pagoda shaped Islamic tomb, located in the north and facing the south.The tomb, measuring 2.15 meter long, 1.1 meters wide and 0.6 meters tall, is structured in three layers.On the east, west and north of the tomb are horse-shoe shaped protection cloisters for 9 chambers which are 11 meters wide and 1.04 meters deep.Inside the cloisters, there are 5 monument stones of different dynasties.In front there is a shining-green monument stone carved with Arabic language.On the right it is the monument stone which was laid when Zhenghe came to burn jo sticks before he started the 5th voyage expedition.
To the Arab world, the tomb on the Ling Mountain is the third important sacred tomb, next to Muhammad’s tomb in Mecca and Ari Tomb in Iraq.
4.Qingjing Mosque National key culture relics, it is located in the middle section of Tumen Street, Licheng District, covering an area of 2500 m2.
Qingjing Mosque faces the street in the South, with a pointed dome roof.The dome has three layers: inside, middle and outside.On the external wall, there is a statue on the top, which is carved with “Alcoran” in Arabic.The back wall of the mosque is carved with ancient Arabic script, recording the time of construction and repair and the builders.In the mosque, there is a stone carving of the emperor’s instruction about the protection of the Islamic mosque in Yongle Year 5 of Ming Dynasty (1407).On top of the mosque gate, there is a platform named “platform looking at the moon” which is built with bricks in the shape of dual-square.
5.Kaiyuan Temple National key culture relics, it is a 1000-year old temple, famous in China and overseas.Build in Wuzetian Chuigong Year 2 of Tang Dynasty (Year 686), the temple is Located in the west street of Lincheng District, Quanzhou, Fujian Province.The temple has a history of over 1300 years, covering an area of 78,000 m2.
Kaiyuan Temple is evenly laid in structure.Starting from the gate, there are the Hall of Heaven King, Praying Pavilion, east and west Corridors, the Precious Hall of Great Hero, Ganlujietan, and scripture store-room.The buildings are laid spectacularly and neatly in a line.Inside Kaiyuan Temple, there stood the east pagoda and the west pagoda, which are also called Ziyun couple pagodas.The east pagoda is named Zhenguo Pagoda, which was made from the wood initially and later replaced by the brick at the height of 48.24 meters.The west pagoda is named Renshou pagoda, which was built from the timber sent by Wang Shenzhi, the king of Fujian.It was named “emotal pagoda”.It was replaced by brick structure in the northern Song Dynasty and changed again to stone pagoda in the Southern Song Dynasty at the height of 44.06 meters.The west pagoda was built 10 years earlier than the east pagoda
6.Luoyang Bridge
A National cultural relics located over Luoyang River, 20 km northeast off Quanzhou.The construction of the bridge started in 1053 and was completed in 1059.Its length is 834 meters and width, 7 meters, with 31 piers.On the two sides of the bridge, there are fences, on top of which there stand delicately carved lion stone statues.The bridge is also decorated with 7 pavilions, 9 pagodas and knight statues standing at each end.With the unique architecture, the bridge is famous both at home and abroad and has gained the reputation of “No.1 bridge acro the sea”.On the outside of the bridge, there are 500 carved stone railings and 28 carved stone lions, symbolizing 28 famous craftsmen; and 81 Buddha statues, including the Moon Buddha.On the north of the bridge, there is a courtyard, which is known as the No.1 courtyard in the south of Fujian Province.
7、Anping Bridge A national key culture relic located at Anhai Town of Jingjiang City, Fujian Province, acce to the highway between Fuzhou and Xiamen and the national road No 324.Anping Bridge extends over the bay between Anhai Township of Jingjiang and Shuitou Township of Anhai.The construction of the bridge started in Shaoxing Year 8 of Song Dynasty (1138) and completed in Shaoxing Year 22 (1152).Made of granite piers, the bridge is 2700 meters long and it was the longest bridge in the ancient times, known as “no bridge would be longer than this bridge”.The construction of Anping Bridge is unique, because the original piers were designed in three different shapes: square, semi-boat, and raft.The foundation of the bridge adopted “sunken foundation covered by wood” and wooden piles respectively according to the different earth layer.The surface of the bridge was laid with granite slates of 5-11 meters long and 4.5-25 tons each.The bridge surface was laid by utilizing the rising and falling of the tide.
8.Shiniu Mountain the territory of Dehua, in the middle of Fujian Province and the southeast part of mid Daiyun Mountain range.
Shiniu Mountain is famous for its vicious cliff, strange-shaped rocks, strange-looked trees and mysterious caves.In the park, there are high mountains and a dense forest, with humid climate, excellent natural environment, and bio-diversity.It is a kingdom of plants and paradise of animals.
The major tourism attractions include the main peak of Niushi Mountain, Daixian double water falls, bamboo raft drifting on Taoxian Stream, rubber boat drifting on Shilong Stream, Tadou hot spring, Peach-flower Island, the relics of Fujian Provincial committee building.
9.Niumu Forest Ecological Sightseeing Zone As a National AAAA scenic spot and provincial natural reserve, it is located at Xiayang town, the west of Yongchun County, Quanzhou of Fujian Province.
Niumu forest is the extension of Daiyun Mountain with an attitude of 1,105 meters.It is the largest and best preserved primary forest at present in South China.The main sightseeing area in Niumu forest ecological zone covers 1,000 ha, consisting over 40 scenic spots.The most famous sites are the ecological and scientific popularization museum, orchid garden, Yongchun Tangerine orchard, Qingqian Liule Garden, Cuckoo Castle, board root, strangled killing, parasitic cauline flower, Fujian phoebe trees, yew, foliage, Woniutan, Zhonglidizhu, Konggulaifeng.The entertainment activities offered for tourists include cable sliding at high altitude, gra ski fashion, mock hunting, standard shooting, archery, and jungle field operation.
10.Anxi Qingshui Crag
As National AAAA scenic spot and provincial-level culture relics, it is a tourist attraction and religious shrine, located on Penglai Mountain, 15 km northwest from the Anxi County suburb, the hometown of the Iron Buddha Tea.Covering a total area of 11.1 km2 with the peak reaching the altitude of 767 meters, it consists of the temple and pilgrimage zone, Qiyu (praying for rain) ecological zone, Qinshan Recreation zone and memorial zone.With convenience of transportation, it is about 70 km from Quanzhou, 100 km from Xiamen and 120 km from Zhangzhou.The existing temple was built after 1966 and Qingshui Crag is the burial place of Qingshui master monk, a famous monk in Song Dynasty.There is a belief of Qingshui master monk has a wide influence in the Southern Fujian province, Taiwan and Southeast Asian countries.In Taiwan alone, there are over 200 temples named Qingshui Crag.
Quanzhou Delicacies and Specialities
1.Quanzhou Glutinous Rice Dumpling of Meat Stuffing
The glutinous rice dumplings of meat stuffing are made in a dainty procedure.The ingredients are mainly glutinous rice, together with half-fat pork and other ingredients, such as taro, chestnut, bran shrimp, lotus seed, chicken, ham and bamboo shoots.
2.Quanzhou Yuanhetang Preserved Fruits and Vegetables
Quanzhou Yuanhetang preserved fruits and vegetables are traditional foods, made from different varieties of fruit and vegetables.They enjoy a great reputation all over the world for their sweet and pleasant taste.“Yuanhetang” is a 80-year-old firm proceing preserved fruits and vegetables.Having the function of nourishing the stomach and spleen; promoting appetite, Yuanhetang products are regarded as the best selection for entertaining guests while drinking tea.Overseas Chinese originally from the Southern Fujian Province like to take Yuanhetang preserved fruits and vegetables back to their residential country while people in China like to choose “Yuanhetang” products as souvenirs for their overseas relatives and friends.
3.Anxi Tie Kuan-yin Tea
Anxi Iron Kuanyin Tea also known as heart Kuanyin tea and red shape Kuanyin tea.It is the top quality Wulong Tea, the famous tea produced in Fujian Province.The iron Kuanyin tea produced in Anxi County, Quanzhou Municipality contains a number of biological alkaline, vitamins and tannin, protein and aromatic oil.It has the special function of easing anxiety, improving eyesight, preventing arteriosclerosis and cancer, extending youth and mitigating radiation.
4.Quanzhou Puppet Head
Quanzhou puppets have a complete image in structure.The figures are widely selected from the figures and roles in the folk operas and legends, roughly divided into 5 major types: Sheng (male), Dan (young female), Jing (painted face, male), Mo (middle aged male), Chou (clown, male or female).There are over 300 puppet masks, which display beautiful shapes, vivid drawings, clear characters, unique artistic styles and local images.
5.Hui-an Granite Sculpture
Hui-an granite sculpture is a folk carving craftwork, made from top quality granite (shining-green rock) and carved finely into different sizes of delicate handicrafts, such as round carving, floating carving, line carving, and shadow carving.The granite sculptures produced in Hui-an can be either large as the size which should be lifted and installed by cranes or can be small as the size which can float on the surface of the water.They are beautiful in shape, fine in workmanship, unique in artistic style and strong in local characteristics.Hui-an granite sculpture has a history of 1600 years, well-known as the “home of granite sculptures”.
6.Hui-an Bear Gall
Fujian Guizhentang Pharmacy Development Co.Ltd utilizes the rich resource of bear gall from Qianshan Group and has developed Qianshan brand bear gall products, such as bear gall powder, bear gall health tea and bear gall capsules.The company uses the extracted substances from bear galls with other valuable Chinese herb medicine to develop different varieties of new medicines.Bear galls are bitter in taste and cold in nature, having the function of clearing the heat, relieving spasm, improving eye-sight, and killing worms.According to the Chinese medicine, bear gall is effective in curing red eye disease, sore throat, infantile convulsion of children, indigestion and pain caused by worms.
7.Laofanzhi Panacea Leaven
Laofanzhi Panacea Leaven is a proceed traditional Chinese medicine, which is a light grey coloured block in aromatic smell and slightly sweet taste.Having the functioned in adjusting the stomach, nourishing the spleen, expelling wind-evil, settling indigestion, and promoting appetite, resolving wetne, it can be applied to treat flue and cold, heat exhaustion in summer, stomach-ache caused by indigestion and vomiting and diarrhoea.
8.Quanzhou Rice sculpture
“Zhauggaoren (rice figure)” is made of ground rice (glutinous rice), wheat flour and pigment.The skill of making the rice figures mainly relies on the dexterous fingers.The tools needed are also simple: small sciors, fine comb, gold paper, feathers, bamboo strap and iron thread.The figures made from the dough are generally taken from the stories in four famous major Chinese works, such as “The master travels to the west with his apprentice to obtain scriptures”, “Three brothers in the Peach Orchard”, “Twelve Golden hairpins” and “Wusong kills tiger”.The figures are vivid.After they are made, it takes several days for them to dry under the sunlight, and then paint with a coat of oil to make them shine and to preserve them for a long time.
9.Quanzhou Folk Colour cotta
Quanzhou Folk Colour Cottas are made from paper as figures of ancient operas.The work of making colour cotta is divided into standing work and sitting work.The standing work generally refers to making large scale works, such as “Giant Mountain” “Lingcuo” and “Colour Building while sitting work refers to making fine works, including famous figures, birds and animals.In modern colour cotta techniques, the material is earth, wax, plastics, cloth and silk to enhance the expreive force.The folk colour cotta in Quanzhou has a broad influence in China and overseas.The works of “56 ethnic groups”, “Hui-an maidens”, “Maidens form tea producing area”, “Girls from Fishermen Family”, “Lady of Southern Music” designed by Quanzhou JIngxiu Firm have won excellence prizes on the First China Tourism Souvenir competition, and the prize of the best commodity on the First Fujian Provincial Tourism Fair.
10.Yongchun Painted Bamboo Baskets
Yonghcun painted bamboo baskets are unique traditional handicrafts produced locally.They are made from over 20 raw materials, including gold foil, fine bamboo skin, raw paint, Chinese wood oil, Xiabu, dongfen through over 30 procedures of moulding, boiling, lining, and painting for over two months.There are over 100 varieties of products including flat baskets, patterned baskets and full baskets, shaped in round, ridged, hexagon, oval, as well as fruit boxes and painted plates.
11Yogchun Paper Woven Picture
Yongchun paper woven pictures are a special traditional handicraft, initiated at the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, with a history of over 1400 years.The pictures have been sent to over 40 countries for exhibition, presented to the foreign friends as souvenirs, and have become the “friendship envoy” for the promotion of the diplomatic ties.Yongchun County has been granted by the Ministry of Culture the title “Home of China Paper Woven Pictures” and listed for the protection under the “Folk Art Protection Project”.
12.Dehua Ceramics
Dehua ceramics is the traditional craftwork.It was started in the Tang Dynasty, developed in Song and Yuan Dynasty and made a breakthrough in Ming Dynasty.The white ceramics produced in Dehua have the reputation of being “white as snow, thin as paper, smooth as jade”.Dehua ceramics is famous especially for its statue of Kuanyin which was made by the senior master He Chaosong and named “Helai Kuan” after his name.The “Ivory White” ceramic statue developed by him is a valuable object unparallel in the world, known as the “crown jewel in the international ceramic sector”.
Quanzhou Folk Culture
1.Quanzhou Ceramic culture
“Dehua has many beautiful ceramics”, is how the Italian traveller Marko Polo described Dehua.Porcelain manufacture has a long history in Dehua.Well-known both in China and overseas for its top quality, fine workmanship, the porcelain industry in Dehua is regarded as one of the three major porcelain capitals in China, together with Jingde town of Jiangxi Province and Lilin of Hunan Province.In Ming Dynasty, the “Ivory White” ceramics developed by the great master He Chaozong surprised the world and was named “China White” by the westerners.People describe Dehua top white porcelain as “white as snow, thin as paper, bright as mirror” and describe Dehua Jianbai porcelain as “smooth and transparent as condensed lipid and frozen jade”.The porcelain Kuanyin made in Dehua is called “Oriental Venus”.
2.Culture of Hui-an women costumes
The costume culture of Hui-an women dates back into the ancient China.They wore a yellow scarf, a blue short blouse, silver chain and large trousers, which are unique in the national costume culture.The blue short blouse displays the colour of sea and sky, the yellow bamboo hats symbol the land and beach; the flowery scarf indicates the movement of mountain flowers and sea waves.The blouses are tight and short, exposing the navel, displays their characters of being bold, flexible, but extravert.
The costume of Hui-an women is always focused on the body above the waist, especially on the head decoration which differs in patterns, occasions and ages.When Hui-an women attend weddings or ceremonies, the head decoration should be bright and colourful to display the “happine”.The old women of Hui-an usually have a bob on the back of the head and wear a black scarf with pins decorated with beads and flowers, which displays a unique style.
4.Quanzhou Opera Culture
Dacheng Play
Dacheng play is also named Fashi Play, Monk Play, Douist play and originated from the religion and folk activities in Quanzhou.Formed by combining Buddhist and Taoist activities, it is a religious play, rarely seen in China.The play provides religious services for both Buddhism and Taoism.Dacheng Play was born in Quanzhou and nourished by Quanzhou folk arts, and is especially deeply influenced by thread controlled puppet plays.After emerging as a new play, it has displayed its uniquene in Southern Fujian folk operas due to its super Kongfu and technique.
Dacheng play is known for its kongfu which applies Quanzhou South Shaolin boxing.The opera has preserved lots of folk stunts, acrobatics and dances.By adopting Taoist and Buddhist music, and “Puppet melody” of thread controlled puppets, the music of the opera displays a unique religious charm.
Liyuan Opera
Quanzhou Liyuan opera is a rare and valuable opera in China, because it still preserves the characteristics of Southern opera from Tang and Song Dynasties.Originating in Quanzhou, it has spread to Taiwan and the Southeast Asian Countries in the footsteps of the emigrants from Quanzhou.Having preserved a large repertoire of southern opera from Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Liyuan opera has been called the “living foil” of opera and is one of the oldest operas existing in China.
Liyuan opera is sung by Quan melody.It has preserved a lot of important music from Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty and is closely related with the ancient music -- Southern Tone.The music of Liyuan opera is mainly played by the bamboo flute and string music instruments.
Nanyin (Southern Tone)
Nanyin (Southern tone) is an old and beautiful music and is called the “root of the Chinese national music”.Quanzhou is the cradle of the Southern tone.It has become very popular, after it was enriched, matured and optimized by absorbing the strengths from Central China culture, Fujian culture and maritime culture.Embedded in Quanzhou, Southern tone has not only extended to Southern Fujian Province where Southern Fujian dialect is spoken, but also spread to the Southeast Asian countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.By paing from one generation to another, it has become increasingly popular as a “home tone” full of strong paion for the loving the hometown and the motherland.Many Chinese and foreign scholars have complimented Quanzhou southern tone as the “treasure in the Chinese claic music”.
浙江乌镇导游词2020
江导游词
江苏木渎古镇导游词
浙江导游词
丽江导游词
第二篇：导游导游词
天子山
各位朋友：
大家好！
欢迎各位来到武陵源观光游览，很高兴能为大家导游，接下来我们将要游览的地方是武陵源中心景区之一，被誉为“峰林之王”的天子山自然保护区。天子山风景秀丽，气候宜人，举目远眺，千山万壑是尽收眼底。大家眼前看到的这种奇特的地貌叫做石英砂岩峰林地貌。根据科学论证：3亿多年以前，这里曾是一片汪洋大海。大约在1亿年前左右，由于海浪的冲击，石英砂岩在海底沉积了500多米厚。后来，经过新构造运动强烈抬升，这里成为了陆地。地面抬升后，在流水深切的作用下，一些细小的沙石被冲走，加上在重力作用下岩石崩塌，又被雨水、溪流慢慢地冲刷等综合作用，使武陵源地区在漫长的岁月中逐渐形成了这种奇特的石英砂岩峰林地貌。看到此情此景，我想没有人不会为这大自然的鬼斧神工而惊叹！那么下面就请大家跟我一起徒步漫游，用心去体会这“扩大的盆景，缩小的仙境”，欣赏那“峰林之王”的无穷魅力。
好了，现在我们来到的地方是神堂湾。神堂湾是武陵源景区最为神秘的地方。为什么说它神秘呢？神堂湾共有岩墩九级，曾经有人想进山探险，可他才下到四五十丈深的第四级，就是一片漆黑，阴风怒号，还伴着各种凄厉的叫声，使人毛骨悚然，魂飞天外。1968年解放军某部为采灵芝等贵重药材，带上枪，利用绳索等工具，也只下到第六墩就不敢再下去了，因为从六墩往下看，还是阴森恐怖、深不见底。因此，“神堂湾”这个地方从此以后便成为了无人涉足的神秘世界。
大家现在所处的地方是“点将台”，相传向王天子当年就是在这个地方操练军队，发号施令，那是何等的威风！请大家仔细观察山下的一座座石峰，粗看是杂乱无章，细看则是井然有序，它们一个个气宇轩昂，精神抖擞，威武壮观，整齐严肃，不正像是即将出征的将士吗？这不禁令人想起了宋代著名的词人苏轼的《题西林寺壁》∶“横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同，不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中。”
现在我们到达的景点是整个武陵源唯一的一处大型人文景观贺龙公园，进人公园，我们首先看到的就是这尊贺龙铜像，铜像高6．5米，包括战马一起重达9吨多，是中国近百年来的伟人中最大最重的一尊铜像。
在铜像背后的不远处，便是“云青岩”观景台，从这里可以观赏到著名的“西海石林”。西海啊是名副其实的山的海洋，我们可以看到上千座山峰风起云涌般展现在我们的眼底。
请大家看前方的不远处，有一排秀丽精致的石峰，形如笔杆。这就是武陵源“十大绝景”之一的“御笔峰”，相传向王天子兵败以后，曾经焚毁所有文稿，可当他看到这几支御笔时，想到曾经用它们批阅公文，指挥过千军万马，如今却功败垂成，自己又有何颜面面对家乡父老，于是悲愤地将几支御笔掷落于山谷之中。然而笔通灵气，落地成峰，形成了大家眼前看到的“御笔峰”。如果在红霞满天的时候来看，御笔熠熠生辉，笔尖还残留着几点朱红墨迹。1994年，国家邮电部发行的“武陵源”邮票和首日封，以及大家手中的武陵源Ic卡门票上的图案，都是用“御笔峰”作背景的。
各位朋友，接下来请大家来欣赏“天女献花”的秀丽吧。请大家顺着我手指的方向看到对面山岭的中部，在朦胧的云雾中是不是有一个美女的倩影在云雾中亭亭玉立呢。你们看，她怀抱花篮，嘴含微笑，正深情地把朵朵鲜花撒向人间，因而称之为“天女献花”。
天子山的风景是迷人的，这里的民风也是淳朴的，这里有看不完的风景，讲不完的故事，因此有人评价天子山为“谁人识得天子面，归来不看天下山”。但愿天子山的景色留给大家的是永远美好的回忆，希望大家下次再来天子山观光旅游。谢谢大家！
金鞭溪
各位朋友：
大家好！
今天我们将要参观的是有着“千年长旱不断流，万年连雨水碧青”美誉的金鞭溪。金鞭溪是世界上最美丽的峡谷之一，整个峡谷全长大约
7、5千米。金鞭溪就好比是张家界这位“绝代佳丽”身上的一条蓝色丝巾，它把“奇峰三千、秀水八百”的山水美发挥到了极致！那么金鞭溪究竟是一条什么样的峡谷呢？著名文学家沈从文先生赞誉它是“张家界的少女”，当年张家界的宣传者——著名画家吴冠中先生在此曾赞叹它是“一片童话般的世界”，现在就请大家跟随我沿着吴老和沈老先生当年的足迹去揭开金鞭溪神秘的面纱吧！
请大家注意看左边这些奇特的植物，它就是国家一级保护植物——珙桐。珙桐是多年生木本花卉，通常在春末夏初时节开花，花呈白色，柱头上略带－点紫红，很像鸽子的头和嘴，花身有两片又大又长的苞片，像是一对翅膀。整个花朵的形状就像一只放飞的鸽子，这是我国特有的珍贵树种，因而外国人亲切地称它为“中国鸽子花”。
现在大家请看眼前峡谷的两旁，这种高大而华贵的塔形树，这也是国家一级保护植物——水杉。水杉是一种非常古老的树种，人们曾经以为已经在第四纪冰川袭击时期绝迹了。然而1941年我国的植物学家在四川省万县的磨刀沟发现了它。1982年开发张家界时，人们发现这里生长着大面积的水杉及3000多种珍奇植物，这真是大自然赐予的一笔巨大的财富。
大家请往右前方看，前面这座高耸如云的石柱就是闻名遐尔的金鞭岩，而金鞭溪就是因为长年流经此岩而得名的。它高378米，方方正正，上细下粗，棱角分明，如同一支高举的钢鞭，直指云霄，令人望而生畏。加上其岩石结构为红色石英砂岩和石灰岩，在阳光照射下，金光闪闪，故名金鞭岩。金鞭岩是整个张家界景区最高、最陡、最壮观的石峰，人们称赞它是“名山大川处处有，惟有金鞭奇上奇”！更为奇特的还有呢，再请大家看紧紧依偎着神鞭左边的巨峰，它好像一只雄鹰，鹰头高昂，凌空展翅．一只翅膀还有力地半抱金鞭岩，气势雄伟，所以叫做“神鹰护鞭”，这也是金鞭溪的王牌景点之一。
看了金鞭岩的雄姿，大家可能会奇怪：大自然为何如此神奇？据科学论证：
3亿8千万年以前，这里曾是一片汪洋大海。大约1亿年前左右，由于海浪的冲击，石英砂岩在海底沉积了500多米厚，后来，经新构造运动强烈抬升，这里成为陆地。地面抬升后，在流水深切的作用下，一些细小的沙石被冲走，加上在重力作用下岩石崩塌，又被雨水、溪流慢慢地冲刷等综合作用，使张家界地区在漫长的岁月中经风化、流水切割，逐渐形成了由一系列柱峰、方山、峡谷组合而成的这种奇特的石英砂岩峰林地貌。看到此情此景，没有人不为大自然的鬼斧神工而惊叹！
峰回路转，鸟语花香，不知道大家注意到没有，沿溪遍布着一种形状怪异的花，它的形状特别像龙虾，不错，这就是龙虾花。龙虾花是一种珍贵的草本植物，它春天发芽，夏天开花，秋天结实，冬天落叶。根据花形大小不同，一般可分为三种，当地人称花小的为“米虾花”，花大的叫“龙虾花”，介于中间的就是我们现在看到的这种叫“河虾花”。
人们都说武陵源有两只明亮的眼睛，现在看到的就是其中之一的——紫草潭。据说以前潭壁上长年攀生着一种紫色的草，因而得名“紫草潭”。在这里，河道陡然变宽，从砂刀沟直泻而下的水经过长约15米的层层阻滞已变得没有多少波纹和涟漪了，水平如镜，紫草潭宽4米，水深约5米，是国家二级保护动物娃娃鱼生活的温床，也曾经是著名的金鞭鱼产地。
黄石寨
各位朋友：
大家好！
欢迎来到张家界，非常高兴能同大家一起游览张家界最大的凌空观景台——黄石寨。人们常说“不到黄石寨，枉来张家界”，可见黄石寨是整个张家界风景的精华，一位著名诗人曾经这样评价黄石寨：“五步称奇，七步叫绝，十步之外，目瞪口呆。”关于黄石寨的名称有两种说法：第一种说法是，汉留侯张良曾在此山居住，为纪念师傅黄石公，修庙祭祀，取名黄石寨；另一种说法是从远处眺望，此山像一头威猛的雄狮，所以又称“黄狮寨”。
下面就请大家跟随我一起沿着这条“杉林幽径”来欣赏两旁让人目不暇接的风景吧。这是一排排陡峭而又曲折的石级，自古登黄石寨只有后山一条路，今天走的这条路，是十多年前人工开凿的。
大家请注意听，前面传来了阵阵歌声。这是悦耳动听的土家山歌，前面便是土家姑娘的点歌台。一个个衣着秀丽的土家姑娘正在载歌载舞地欢迎着各位来宾，她们优美的歌声是否会唤起您对土家民风的无限向往呢？她们的热情好客、淳朴善良是否带给您一种从未有过的轻松和快乐？此时此刻，您是否已经感悟到张家界“山美、水美、人更美”的真谛呢？
大家请看右边对面的山上，有一个约20米高的圆形石柱，上面还有一块长约3米、宽1.5米的石匣，石匣上有一个石盖，这石盖一半凌空，一半盖于匣上，周围环绕着五棵翠绿的松柏。传说张良曾将黄石公的三卷天书藏于匣内，后因战事平息，张良又取出天书放置在其他地方，但他却忘记合上抽盖，至今留下一只半掩半开的石匣。由于石匣内曾藏过天书，因而被人誉称为“天书宝匣”。
好了，我们现在已经到半山腰了，离“会当凌绝顶”的寨顶只差一半的路程了。大家请看前方，两山相挤，中间仅有一条通道，大有“一夫当关，万夫莫开”
的气势，这里就是“南天门”。
大家请看这边，顺着我手指方向的便是“定海神针”。它高大挺拔，巍然屹立，似乎在用强硬的身躯支撑着整座大山。“定海神针”与“金鞭岩”遥遥相对，形成了一幅十分壮观的“天然壮景”。那前面这座孤立的柱峰又是什么景点呢？它拔地而起，直插云霄，高达300余米，这就是张家界有名的“南天一柱”了，因为立在南天门下面而得名。“南天一柱”是整个“武陵源”风景的特写，它拔地而起，上大下小。在它身上有一种历经万年沧桑却仍然坚韧不拔的精神，是整个“武陵源”石英砂岩峰林地貌景观的缩影，也是“张家界国际森林保护节”的节徽和标志。
说起石英砂岩峰林地貌，大家一定会觉得奇怪，大自然为何如此神奇？根据科学论证：3亿多年以前，这里曾是一片汪洋大海。大约在1亿年前左右，由于海浪的冲击，石英砂岩在海底沉积了500多米厚。后来，经过新构造运动强烈抬升，这里成为了陆地。地面抬升后，在流水深切的作用下，一些细小的沙石被冲走，加上在重力作用下岩石崩塌，又被雨水、溪流慢慢地冲刷等综合作用，使武陵源地区在漫长的岁月中逐渐形成了这种奇特的石英砂岩峰林地貌。
好了，现在我要告诉大家，我们已经顺利登上黄石寨寨顶了。我带大家到“摘星台”来看看吧。站在这儿，使人油然产生“一览众山小”的感慨！特别是到了晚上，有一种与星星近在咫尺的感觉，似乎一伸手，就能将天上的星星给“摘下来”。
眼前的这个人工景点就是“六奇阁”。“六奇”准确地说是指山奇、水奇、云奇、石奇、动物奇、植物奇。这是公园内唯一的人造景观，它是采用大理石和钢筋混凝土等材料建成，、高四层，是一座集民俗、书法、自然景观于一体的特殊楼阁。站在楼上，可以尽情饱览张家界的壮丽风光。好了，我们的游览也要结束了，有机会欢迎大家再来黄石寨旅游，谢谢大家！
崀山
各位朋友：
大家好！欢迎到国家地质公园、国家风景名胜区崀山观光旅游。
崀山位于湘西南边陲的新宁县境内，它是继张家界后发现的又一颗璀璨的风景明珠。相传舜帝南巡时途经新宁，看到这秀美的奇山秀水，驻足赞叹：“此山良好，可谓崀山。”崀山由此而得名。大家知道，从地质地貌上来看，张家界属石英砂岩峰林地貌，桂林属喀斯特地貌，而崀山则是典型的丹霞地貌。在数千万年前这里是一片内陆湖，由于地壳的变动，内陆湖底突出，从而形成了现在的红色砂粒岩结构的丹霞地貌。其丹霞地貌的形态和规模在全国同类地貌之中均达到了极限：象我们将要看到的八角寨之高、天下第一巷之长、亚洲第一桥之险、红华赤壁之绝、将军石之峻，都令人叹为观止。整个崀山风景区占地108平方千米，聚集了牛鼻寨、骆驼峰、八角寨、紫霞峒和扶夷江等五大景区。
各位朋友，现在我们来到了牛鼻寨景区。为什么叫牛鼻寨呢？原来在东面那块大石的右侧可以看到许许多多成对出现的“牛鼻孔”，当地老百姓称为牛鼻山，后来因为农民领袖雷再浩、李源发先后在这里聚众起义，太平天国翼王石达开也在这里屯兵扎寨而改称为牛鼻寨。眼前大家看到的“天下第一巷”几个大字是丹霞地貌命名者、著名地质学家、中科院院士陈国达教授1993年来崀山时亲笔题写的。天下第一巷最宽的地方也只有0、8米，最窄处仅0．3米。置身在这天下第一巷，后不见来处，前无有尽头，只能看见头顶一线青天，绝壁对峙，鬼斧神工，大有“天光一线，人生如缝”的感觉，堪称天下一绝。
我们现在进入的是八角寨景区，八角寨景区是位于崀山最南端的湘桂边境，因为山顶有八座山峰相连，这八座山峰互为犄角，像一朵八角莲花而得名。大家请看这个叫“天生桥”的景点，它被誉为是“亚洲第一桥”，它是丹霞地貌中很独特的自然景观。整个桥呈半圆拱形，就象是人工砌筑，气势磅礴，令人叹为观
止。登临八角寨要走1708个台阶，走过1708个台阶，来到这个平台，站在这里，我们现在可是一脚跨两省，一边是广西，一边是湖南。
现在我们进入了骆驼峰景区，骆驼峰景区是丹霞地貌地形中典型的象形景区。大家请看正前方的骆驼峰，像不像是一只从沙漠远足来此的骆驼呢？这可是世界上最长、最大、最重的骆驼了。大家再看这边，有一座倒立的辣椒峰，它高180米，上周长约100米，下周长才40米，这通体赤红、分外夺目的辣椒正是我们湖南人热情的象征。2002年9月，法国“蜘蛛人”阿兰.罗伯特徒手攀岩挑战吉尼斯世界纪录的活动就是在此举行的。
各位朋友，呈现在大家面前的是有碧绿的青山、清澈的江水、低垂的翠柳的紫霞峒景区，它包括万景槽、玉泉山、象鼻石、乌云寨、刘华轩墓等景点，以幽为它的主要特色。大家不要以为紫霞峒是一个洞，其实啊，紫霞峒并不是一个洞，峒者冲也，它是少数民族村和寨的意思。传说有一位高僧云游至此，相中此地，每天早上起来，点燃香烛，迎着彩霞把袈裟铺在红瓦山上，然后打坐修炼，袈裟经阳光一照，是霞光万道，香火缭绕，故称“紫霞峒”。来到这里，我们可以感受到“疏影横斜水清浅，暗香浮动月黄昏”的意境。这里也是佛教和道教的圣地。
刚刚我们见识了崀山的伟岸，现在请大家再来感受一下扶夷江的温柔。美丽的扶夷江碧流澄清，两岸奇峰异石就象一条飘带贯穿全景。扶夷江与漓江同发源于广西资源县的猫儿山，因为新宁县古为“扶夷侯国”,故称扶夷江。
不知不觉，我们来到了崀山六大绝景之一的将军石。将军石原是一座山体，丹霞地貌发育到晚期形成了石柱，它高400米，周长40米，顶部略小，上下等粗，5千米外仍可见其独立天外的伟岸英姿。
马王堆
各位朋友：
大家好，欢迎参观长沙马王堆汉墓出土文物陈列馆。马王堆汉墓呢是位于长沙市东部地区原来的马王堆乡，距离市中心约4千米。1971年底，我们对此进行了考古发掘，这才揭开了这座千年地宫的神秘面纱。
经过考古发掘，我们发现马王堆是西汉初期轪侯家族的墓地。马王堆共有三座墓。其中一号墓中共出土各类文物1800余件以及一具保存十分完整的女尸。一号墓之所以保存得如此完整，主要的原因在于采取了深埋密封的筑墓方式，加上2000多年来长沙地区没有发生过大的地震，因此，一号墓的尸体及大量随葬器物才能够完整地保存下来。
大家看到的这件衣服可是我们陈列馆的镇馆之宝了，它的名字叫素纱禅衣。素纱呢是指没有染色的纱！禅衣就是没有衬里的衣服．从墓中一共出土了两件素纱禅衣，它们的重量分别为48克和49克，也就是说还不到1两，那如果除去袖口和领口较重的缘边，它的重量就只有半两多一点儿了，真可谓是“轻若烟雾，薄如蝉翼”啊。那么这样轻薄的衣物，汉代的妇女又是怎样穿的呢？当时啊人们是罩在色泽艳丽的绵袍上穿，使绣袍上华丽的纹饰若隐若现，给人一种非常朦胧的美感。
大家看到的这幅从一号墓中出土的T型帛画也是陈列馆的镇馆之宝。因为这幅帛画的外形和英文字母大写的“T”非常相似，因此把它称之为“T”形帛画。据考证这是出葬时，由人高举着走在仪仗的最前面，用以“引魂升天”。
大家可以看到，整幅画的内容从上至下可分为天上、人间、地狱三个部分。华盖以上为天上部分。正上方有一人首蛇身的神。根据“山海经”的记载，它是威力巨大的烛龙神。在它的右边画有九个红色的太阳半隐半藏在蓝色的扶桑树
中。不知道大家有没有注意，在最大的太阳当中还画着一只黑色的鸟，古人把它称为“金乌”，其实啊这是古人对太阳黑子的观测结果。人间部分以华盖作屋顶，华盖以下是三个贴身的奴婢紧跟轪侯夫人，两位炼丹的方士正向她献上长生不老的丹药。下面的图画可能是老夫人去世以后他的家人守灵祭祀的场景。你们看，他们都神色肃穆，尽显哀伤之态。画面的下部分就是地狱部分，地狱里赤身裸体的地神——鲧正平托着白色的大地，脚下踩踏着两条意欲兴风作浪的鳌鱼，制止地震山崩的发生。这是一幅把神话、想象和现实生活完美统一的杰作，它体现了古人对天国的想象和追求永生的幻想。因此，“T”形帛画是中国古代绘画史上难得一见的杰作，堪称中华民族的艺术瑰宝。
大家现在看到的就是出土于长沙马王堆一号汉墓，距今有2100多年的马王堆女尸。她是西汉初年长沙国丞相、第一代轪侯利苍的夫人，她的名字叫“辛追”。辛追夫人出土时身高为
1、54米，体重为34．3公斤，她的血型为A型，我们可以看到，辛追夫人的头部、颈部、躯干和四肢均保存了完整的外形，她出土的时候皮肤湿润而且覆盖完整，呈淡黄褐色，手摸上去还有油腻感。大家看到的这具尸体有眼球脱出、口张开、舌头稍微挺出、直肠脱垂的现象，这是尸体的早期腐败现象。但是因为一号墓密封良好，尸体的腐败现象在下葬后不久就停止了。这具女尸保存的年代之久、保存程度之好，在世界尸体保存记录当中都是十分罕见的。由于它明显不同于呈干瘪状的“木乃伊”和表面似蜡制模型躯壳的“尸蜡”，也不同于骨骼脱钙软化而易于折断的“泥炭鞣尸”，因此国际上已经认同，在尸体的分类上，应该把马王堆这类历史悠久、软组织仍有弹性、内脏俱在的“湿尸”，命名为“马王堆尸”。
经过尸体解剖，推断辛追夫人是在吃过甜瓜后由于胆绞痛的急性发作，引起冠状动脉痉挛，由此导致急性心肌缺血而造成猝死的可能性为最大，死亡年龄约为50岁。好了，我为大家就讲解到这儿了，谢谢大家！
毛泽东故居
各位游客：
大家好！欢迎来到毛泽东故居参观。
现在呈现在大家面前的这栋古朴的农舍叫“上屋场”。1893年12月26日，中国人民的伟大领袖毛泽东同志就诞生在这里。大家可以看到毛泽东同志故居，是一栋坐南朝北、土木结构的典型南方农舍，它面临绿水，背依青山，成凹字形结构，这里的老百姓称它为“一担柴”。当年这里居住着两户人家，东边13间小青瓦房是毛泽东家里的！西边四间茅草屋是邻居家的，中间的堂屋为两家共用。大门顶端挂着的这块“毛泽东同志故居”金字红木匾，是邓小平同志在1983年4月2日亲笔题写的。
现在请大家和我一起进堂屋参观。这里就是前面提到的两家共用的堂屋，它在南方是摆酒席、宴请客人的地方，这里的方桌和板凳都是原物。这个叫神龛，是供奉神佛、祖宗用的。
穿过堂屋这扇小门往后便是“退堂屋”。毛泽东小时候经常在此帮助父母劳动，用水桶挑水，这个大水桶是原物。
这里是厨房。请大家看这口炉灶，过去农家的灶多用泥砖砌成。这口灶是在故居复原陈列时，根据老人的回忆复制的。
这里是火堂。南方农家一般都有这间冬天架柴烧火取暖的房子，你们看这上面有个挂钩，俗称“炉膛钩”，它是用来挂壶烧水的，当然也可用来煮饭菜，冬天全家团团围坐边吃边聊，那可是热气腾腾的呢！1921年春天，毛泽东在筹建共产党的过程中，回到韶山。他邀弟妹们围炉烤火、拉家常。弟弟毛泽民一口气讲了这几年遭受的灾难。毛泽东说，是的，这些不只是我们一家发生的事，天下
大多数人都这样，这叫国乱民不得安生，所以我们要舍小家为大家，出去做一些有利于大多数人的工作。后来在毛泽东的谆谆教导下，全家人相继离开家乡走上革命道路。在长期的革命斗争中毛泽东一家先后有6位亲人英勇献身。
这一间是横屋。横屋通常是一家人用餐的地方，但在这里也发生过不同寻常的故事。他所写的《农民运动考察报告》这篇重要著作，其中一部分资料就是在这儿收集的。这张桌子和这里的凳子是当时使用的原物。
我们现在进入的是毛泽东父母卧室。1893年12月26日，毛泽东同志就诞生在这间房里。墙上挂的这是毛泽东同志父母的遗照。他的父亲毛顺生生于1870年10月，是一位非常勤劳节俭、精明能干的农民，1920年因患急性伤寒病去世，享年50岁。应该说父亲的勤劳节俭和善于持家理财为早年毛泽东外出读书提供了一定的经济基础。这是他的母亲文氏，他的母亲生于1867年，是一位勤劳善良、聪明贤惠的农家妇女。她性情温和，富有爱心，经常接济周围的乡亲。父母亲所具有的劳动人民的优良品德对少年时代的毛泽东影响很大。1959年毛泽东看到母亲这张照片时还说：“我还是挺像我母亲的。”大家现在看到的这张陈旧的木床也是当年的原物。
这里是毛泽东的卧室。墙上的这张照片是毛泽东和母亲及两个弟弟于1919年春在长沙的合影。当时的毛泽东同志在长沙工作，小弟毛泽覃呢在长沙读书。因为母亲病重，大弟毛泽民送母亲去省城长沙治病，所以他们母子四人才有机会留下这唯一的一张合影，也就是在这年的的10月，毛泽东的母亲去世了，这张珍贵的照片由于在毛泽东外婆家珍藏而幸存下来。这里也是毛泽东小时候学习的地方。当年的毛泽东晚上读书就是用的这盏小油灯。毛泽东天资聪颖，又酷爱读书，夏天的晚上蚊子特别多，他就在床边放一张条凳，凳上放一盏灯，人躲到蚊帐里面，将头伸到帐子外面来看书。冬天，他常常躺在被子里读书到深夜。甚至在他13岁至15岁停学在家劳动的时候，他也刻苦攻读。请大家抬头看，可能大家没有注意，在这间房的上方还有一个小阁楼，也就是在这个小阁楼上建立了中共韶山支部。
请大家跟我继续参观，这里呢是毛泽东家放农具的地方，毛泽东从6岁开始参加劳动。13岁到15岁，因家里缺乏劳动力，他便休学在家从事农业劳动。所以说毛泽东还正式当过两年农民呢。这里放的水车、石磨等都是他当年用过的原物。好了，我的讲解就到这里了，希望毛泽东故居的参观能给你留下美好的回忆。
岳阳楼
各位游客：
大家好，欢迎到江南三大名楼之一的岳阳楼参观游览。
岳阳楼是国家重点文物保护单位，首批国家4A级旅游区。岳阳楼的景观特色可以概括为四个方面。一是历史悠久，岳阳楼的前身为鲁肃修建的阅军楼，始建于东汉建安十九年即公元214年，唐肃宗乾元二年即公元759年开始被称为岳阳楼，在江南三大名楼中啊岳阳楼的历史最为悠久。二是风景独特，岳阳楼胜景由江、湖、山、城构成。“巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖，衔远山，吞长江，浩浩荡荡，横无际涯，朝晖夕阴，气象万千。”这是对岳阳楼地理位置的绝妙赞美，岳阳楼是得水而壮，得山而妍，形胜江南。三是文化深厚。《岳阳楼诗文集》收录了千余篇名篇佳作及大量的楹联匾屏和书画碑刻，大多数都贯穿着中华民族的“忧患意识”。如杜甫的《登岳阳楼》，其忧国忧民之情，溢于言表。范仲淹的《岳阳楼记》更是将这个优秀传统发展到了巅峰。“不以物喜，不以己悲”的处世哲理，“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的忧患意识，融汇的精神使当时苏东坡发出了“虽圣人复起不易斯言”的感慨。刘少奇将它引为共产党员修养的准则，胡耀邦誉之为中华传统美德的结晶，它确实是我中华精神文明之绝句！四是文物珍贵。江南三大名楼中，惟有岳阳楼是保持原址、原貌，具有历史、艺术、科学价值的国家级文物。现在所见到的岳阳楼为纯木结构，1983年按“整旧如旧”的原则落架大修而成，四柱、三层、飞檐、盔顶，全楼没用一块砖石，没有一颗铁钉，全用木料构成，门缝对榫，工艺十分精巧。
朋友们，现在各位面前的就是岳阳楼。横匾上“岳阳楼”三字是由郭沫若先生题写的，现已编入《中国名匾》一书。岳阳楼三层三檐，盔顶式木结构，盖黄色琉璃瓦。盔顶是岳阳楼建筑的突出特色，大家请看，它形似古代将军的头盔，威武雄壮，配以飞檐，曲线流畅，给人势欲凌空之感。大家再看盔顶下的如意斗拱，它形似蜂窝，层叠相衬，饰以龙头、凤头、云头纹饰，既承托盔顶重力，又
使整个建筑更为精美、庄重、和谐。因此，岳阳楼的建筑在美学、力学、建筑学和工艺学方面都有着惊人的成就。
进入主楼，首先映入眼帘的是大家神驰已久的《岳阳楼记》的雕屏，雕屏由12块紫檀木组成。岳阳楼开始真正名扬天下是在北宋滕子京重修岳阳楼、范仲淹作《岳阳楼记》以后。庆历四年，滕子京被贬为岳州知府，他上任后便重修岳阳楼，并请好友范仲淹写下了千古名篇《岳阳楼记》。这篇文章全文虽然仅368个字，但是内容博大，哲理精深，气势磅礴，语言铿锵，成为千秋绝唱，而“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”则更成为传世名句，成为中华民族优秀知识分子崇高人格文化的积淀。《岳阳楼记》以其至高至上的思想内容和艺术魅力，流传千古而不朽，滋养着人们的心灵。
整个大楼由四根楠木大柱支撑。自楼底直贯楼顶，再以12根金柱为内圈，支撑二楼，周围绕以20根木柱，彼此牵制，门缝对榫，连结为整体。一楼悬挂的是古今名家吟咏岳阳楼的楹联。
我们现在登上了岳阳楼的顶层三楼。站在这儿，凭窗远眺，可以领略“衔远山，吞长江”的磅礴气势，欣赏“朝晖夕阴，气象万千”的湖光山色，大家可以看到洞庭湖水天相接，浑成一色，清风朗月，无边无际，山色湖光荟萃一楼，得到的感觉不正是“水天一色．风月无边”吗？
中间是毛泽东手书杜甫《登岳阳楼》的条屏，你看它布局严谨，笔意奔放，铁画银钩，雄健挺拔，深得怀素狂草遗风，且又自成一格。这是一件难得的艺术珍品，悬挂于此，使岳阳楼更是锦上添花。
岳阳楼的介绍我就给诸位讲解到这里，欢迎大家下次再到岳阳来。谢谢大家！
凤凰古城
各位朋友：
大家好！欢迎来凤凰古城做客。凤凰是个风景秀丽的好地方，名胜古迹很多，历来是人们游览的胜地，城内的古代城楼、明清古院和石板小街现在仍是风采依然；城外有南华山国家森林公园、还有唐代修建的黄丝桥古城至今仍保存完好。凤凰不但风景秀美，而且人杰地灵。中华民国第一任内阁总理熊希龄、著名作家沈从文和著名画家黄永玉都是凤凰人。《边城》、《湘女萧萧》、《湘西剿匪记》等十多部影视剧也曾在这里拍摄。
这里就是我国著名作家和考古学家沈从文先生的故居。
沈从文故居是他的祖父沈洪富于清朝同治元年所建。1902年12月28日，沈从文先生就诞生在这一座具有明清建筑风格的四合院里，并在这里度过了他的童年和少年时期。1919年，沈先生只身来到北京，开始了他从文的艰苦生涯，创作了《边城》、《湘西》等一系列文学作品，不久就蜚声中国文坛，几乎与年长他20多岁的鲁迅先生齐名。20世纪50年代之后，沈先生潜心于中国古代服饰的研究，写出了惊世之作——《中国古代服饰研究》。沈先生的作品与人品表现出了强烈的一致：自然、厚朴、谦逊、勤奋、博大而凝重。沈先生一生所创作的500多万字的作品，是世界的文学瑰宝，给后人研究旧中国和旧湘西留下了宝贵的历史资料。
这里是中华民国第一任内阁总理熊希龄先生的故居。1870年7月23日熊希龄先生就出生在这间小平房里。熊先生少年时期就具有忧国忧民之心，9岁的时侯，他的私塾教师出了一副上联：“栽数盆花，探春秋消息；”熊先生立即对出了下联：“凿一池水，窥天地盈虚。”一时被传为佳话。熊先生成名以后，积极主张维新变法，曾创办《湘报》、时务学堂和常德西路师范学校，是湖南与谭嗣同齐名的维新派中坚。后来，熊先生出任东三省财政监理官、热河都统、财政总长等职务，1913年就任中华民国第一任政府总理，当时的这一任政府被舆论界称为
“才子内阁”。后来，因为熊先生反对袁世凯独裁，被袁世凯逼迫解散内阁，辞去总理职务。1937年12月5日，熊希龄先生病故于香港，享年67岁。
在这条旅游商品一条街上，有很多苗族的民间工艺品供大家选购和参观，还有别具一格的扎染工艺品和蜡染。
现在大家看到的是虹桥，这座桥始建于明朝洪武年间，清朝康熙九年又经过加修，桥面上原有吊脚楼亭，1956年修公路的时候，原来的楼亭和两侧的牌坊均被拆除，就成了现在的这个样子。桥下，可以看到一排有百年历史的旧吊脚楼。吊脚楼下是凤凰传统体育节目——赛龙舟的地方。
大家沿着当年的官道，到达的这是沈从文的墓地。这里看到的是黄永玉先生为纪念表叔沈从文而题写的铭文：“一个士兵要不战死沙场，就是回到故乡。”沈先生的墓地没有隆起的土堆，只有一块原始状态的五色石矗立其间；这里没有雕栏玉砌的装饰物，只有一条放牧、打柴的石板小路横贯其间，象征着沈先生永远与普通民众在一起。沈先生的骨灰一半撤在面前这条沱江里，一半就葬在这块五色石下，他就像面前这条沱江，发源于大地又回归大地；他像陪伴他的这块五色石，来源于大地又回归大地！
作为墓碑的五色石正面，刻写着沈先生的手迹：
“照我思索，能理解我；照我思索，可认识人。”
是的，正是这样一种信念，使沈先生舍弃升官发财的从军道路，选择了清苦的从文生涯；正是这样一种信念，使沈先生挥动了他那如椽巨笔，将他认识的湘西人介绍给世界。
墓碑的背面，刻写着沈先生妻子张允和女士的铭文：
“不折不从，星斗其文；亦慈亦让，赤子其人。”
这四句话，简明扼要地总结了沈先生的一生。好了，我的讲解就到这儿了，希望凤凰能给大家留下一个美好的印象，有机会再相聚凤凰，谢谢大家！
炎帝陵
各位游客：
大家好！欢迎大家前来瞻仰炎帝陵。
炎帝陵是举世闻名的始祖三陵之一，也是海内外炎黄子孙祭祖朝圣、旅游观光的胜地。炎帝神农氏是中华农耕文化的创始者，他为中华民族的始兴和繁衍作出了开创性的伟大贡献。
各位游客,我们大家现在来到的是祭祀广场,一般祭祖都是在这里举行。我们现在看到的是主体建筑——神农大殿，神农大殿是仿清古建筑，重檐歇山顶，看上去和北京故宫的建筑特色非常相似。
好了，我们现在看到的是炎帝神农氏的八大功绩图，神农氏的第一大功绩：“治麻为布，制作衣裳”，这使人类社会向文明发展迈出了重大的一步；现在看到的是第二大功绩：“日中为市，首辟市场”，神农氏提倡交易，互通有无，以满足人民生活和生产需要。“弦木为弧，剡木为矢”，这是指神农氏创造的弓箭，改进了狩猎工具，提高了生产力；第四大功绩是“始作耒耜，教民耕种”，为了方便种植，提高效率，神农氏发明了早期农具，并教大家耕种，从而解决了“民以食为天”的大事；“遍尝百草，发明医学”是他的第五大功绩，后人为了记住神农氏的这一大功绩，将我国医药史上的第一部医药书称为《神农本草经》；这是“作陶为器，冶制斤斧”，他制造了最早的陶器，大大改善了人类的生活条件；这里看到的是第七大功绩“削桐为琴，连丝为弦”，先民的物质生活提高以后，对精神生活产生了强烈的追求，在劳动实践中发明了五弦琴又称为神农琴；最后一大功绩是“建屋造房，台榭而居”，明堂的建造源于鸟儿窝，鸟儿白天飞出去觅食，晚上又能飞回窝里憩息，神农氏想：如果人们也有这么一个固定的“窝”，日出而作，日落而息，不再是钻洞穴，那多好呀。从这八大功绩图中我们可以了解到，炎帝的创造发明跟我们的生活都息息相关。
好了，我们现在的看到的炎帝陵大殿共分五进，第一进是午门，穿过午门可以看到迎面竖立的这一块高大汉白玉石碑，上面刻着“炎帝陵”三个大字，这是国家主席江泽民1993年9月4日为炎帝陵题的词。在石碑的左边卧着一只美丽温驯的鹿，右边则立着一只展翅欲飞的鹰，这就是传说炎帝的另外两位母亲。
第二进是行礼亭。行礼亭上方悬挂的那块“民族始祖，光照人间”的横匾，是全国政协副主席周培源所手书的。我们现在到达的是主殿。主殿是炎帝陵最高大的建筑，这两根大石柱上悬挂着一幅楹联：“制耒耜奠农工基础，尝百草开医药先河”，这幅对联概括了炎帝一生中最重要的三大功绩；大殿的门额上还悬挂着一块横匾：“炎黄子孙，不忘始祖”，这是陈云同志83岁高龄时题写的。主殿是炎帝金身塑像所在地。你们看，老祖宗端坐在金碧辉煌的圣坛上，慈眉善眼，满脸微笑，左手持一束稻穗，右手拿两朵灵芝，两腿之间放着一只竹筐，里面装着的是他亲手采回的药草。这正是炎帝奠农、工基础，开医药先河的三大功绩的体现。
现在我们到了第四进——墓碑亭。在这汉白玉石碑上面刻着“炎帝神农氏之墓”七个大字。各位也许会问：炎帝为什么又称神农氏呢？因为炎帝始制耒耜，耒耜是一种原始农具，他教民播种五谷而食之，所以称之谓神农氏，他是我国农耕文化的开创者，被列人我国古代三皇五帝，称为农皇，几千年来中国都是以农业立国。这块碑是当时任中共中央总书记的胡耀邦于1985年5月15日为炎帝神农氏题写的。这后面是是炎帝神农氏的陵墓，我们的老祖宗炎帝神农氏就一直安息在这里，几千年来这里一直香火不断。
好，接下来我们去看看御碑园，历代皇帝每次祭祖完毕就会刻一块御碑以作纪念。好了，今天我们的参观就到这儿了，炎帝这种开拓创新、无私奉献的精神，是中华民族的立足点，经过无数先辈的继承和发扬，已经发展成为今天的中华民族艰苦奋斗、自强不息的民族精神。谢谢大家！
南岳衡山
各位朋友：
你们好！欢迎大家来南岳衡山做客！
衡山是我国著名的五岳之一，素有“五岳独秀”、“中华寿岳”之称。南岳号称“五岳独秀”，以“秀”为主要景观特色。大家可以看到，这里群峦叠翠，万木争荣，云雾缭绕，是“五里不同景，十里两重天”！衡山的风景美不胜收、数不胜数，其中最著名的当属“衡山四绝”：藏经殿之秀，方广寺之深，祝融峰之高和水帘洞之奇。
常言道：“天下名山僧占多。”衡山不仅是风景名山，也是宗教圣山。但衡山与其他宗教名山相比，其独特之处是山上佛道并存，互彰互显，同尊共荣。衡山自古为道教名山，据《南岳志》的记载，在历史上曾经有不少著名高道隐居湖南，如西晋时期的道教上清派开山宗师、中国第一位女道士魏华存修道于衡山黄庭观等等。那如果说道教使衡山皎洁似月的话，佛教则令南岳如日中天。尤其是佛教禅宗，先后衍生出临济、曹洞、云门、法眼、沩仰等五大宗派，流传全国甚至朝鲜、日本等海外地区，佛教史上称为“五叶一花”。
现在展现在我们面前的就是我国南方最大的官殿式古建筑群——南岳大庙。南岳大庙是一组集民间祠庙、佛教寺院、道教宫观和皇宫殿宇于一体的古建筑群，也是我国南方及五岳之中规模最大的庙宇。大庙现存建筑共有九进、四院、八寺和八观，前后纵深375米。它的中轴线上为儒家建筑风格，东边为八个道观，西边为八个佛寺，像这样儒、道、佛三教共存一庙，在全国乃至全世界都是绝无仅有的。现在矗立在大家面前的是南岳大庙中轴线上的第一进建筑——棂星门。以棂星来命门，寓意着希望人才兴旺，国家昌盛。这里是南岳大庙中轴线上的第二进建筑——魁星阁。阁内原来立有文星之首的魁星雕像，以示崇文，很多望子成龙的父母都常带着子女来此祈拜。大庙的第二重院落正中是御碑亭，是大庙中轴
线上的第四进建筑。御碑亭里面立着康熙皇帝撰写的《重修南岳庙记》青石碑。绕过御碑亭，这里就是大庙中轴线上的第五进建筑——嘉应门。“嘉应”是古代用来迎接远方宾客的仪门。嘉应门后的第三重院落是
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