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各位游客,你们好,今天我们要参观的是以前皇帝祭天的地方――天坛。天坛是明朝的永乐皇帝建成的祭天的圣坛。
来到圜(huan)丘坛下,我们马上要开始登坛了,不过您要留心数一数,每层的坛面都有多少台阶。到了最高层大家会发现,坛上的所有的'台阶都是九或是九的倍数。这些难道是巧合吗?当然不是,因为九是极阳数,所以工匠使用这个数字来赋予圜丘坛“崇高”之意。
说完了神坛的奇妙,我再给你们介绍一下祭天大典的盛况。到了每年的冬至,皇帝就在这里祭天,在这个典礼上,特别提到的是皇帝恭读祝文站在的地方,就是这块天心石。它是天坛三大声学现象之一,在这里朗读的时候,声音特别洪亮,各位游客不妨体验一下,也像当年的皇帝一样,向上天诉说自己美好的愿望。
今天的观光游览就要结束了,在天坛的这段时光希望成为北京之游的永恒记忆。同时也请您把天坛的祝福带给您的家人、朋友。
各位游客朋友们:
你们好!
欢迎你们来到天坛公园。我姓崔,是大家来参观天坛公园的导游,大家可以叫我崔导。现在我带大家一起来参观美丽的天坛公园。
北京天坛是明朝永乐皇帝建成的祭天圣坛,也是我国现存最大的一处坛庙建筑。天坛公园土也广大,古柏参天,建筑精美。苍松翠柏,绿草如茵,树干上还挂着木牌子,记着古树的`年龄。
天坛公园里面有祈年殿,祈年殿是古代著名的建筑,是中国古代劳动人民勤劳和智慧的结晶。外围墙北圆南方,象征着“天圆地方”。祈年殿高38米,坐北朝南,气势宏伟。整个大殿全部都是木质结构,造型奇特,结构精巧,全都具有十分高的艺术价值。殿内金碧辉煌,殿顶上画着飞龙凤舞,形态逼真,仰头望去,金龙舞凤,似乎好像真的腾空跃起,中间的4根红色的柱子两个人都合抱不过来,外面的一圈还有12根盘花篮柱,它们共同支着弯形的殿。4根红色的柱子象征着一年四季。
12根蓝柱子像这种12个月和12个时辰。殿内地面上正中间有一块圆形的龙凤石,蕴藏着天然形成的龙凤图案。
好了!今天的旅程就结束了,希望这一次的天坛公园之旅给大家留下了一个深刻的印象。欢迎大家下次再来参观游玩,谢谢大家!
各位亲爱的旅客朋友们:
“你们好!我叫钦宸永,是你们这次天坛之旅的总导游,大家可以叫我钦导,很高兴能为大家服务”。天坛位于北京天桥南大街,永定门内东侧。始建于明成祖永乐公元1420年,原名:“天地坛”,占地273万平方米,是我国现存最大的祭祀性建筑群。它规模宏伟、富丽堂皇,天坛不仅在中国建筑史上占有重要位置,也是世界建筑艺术的'珍贵遗产。天坛以五大奇建筑而闻名中外:一为祈年殿,俗称无梁殿;二为回音壁;三为三音石;四为对话石;五为圆丘坛,即祭天台。
天坛的主要建筑祈年殿,每年皇帝都在这里举行祭天仪式,祈祷风调雨顺、五谷丰登。它是一座三重檐的圆形大殿,高38米,直径3272米,宝顶鎏金,碧蓝琉璃瓦盖顶。
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Ladies and Gentlemen:
Welcome to the temple of Heaven. (After self-introduction) preserved cultural heritages of China. There are basically two kinds of visitors who come here: local pensioners who do exercises here in the morning and evening and sightseers both from home and abroad. All in all ,there are 12 million visitors very year. Now we are going to go along the route that leads to the alter. It will take roughly one hour. Mind you ,the emperor also walked along this route to pay tribute to the God of Heaven. (Along the Southern Sacred Road leading to the Circular Mound Altar) The largest group of architectures ever to be dedicated to Heaven ,the Temple of Heaven served as an exclusive altar for Chinese monarchs during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It was decreed that rulers of successive dynasties would place altars in their own capitals to worship Heaven and pray for good harvest. But why ? The ancient Chinese believed that Heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe and the fate of mankind ,and thus worshiping rites dedicated to Heaven came into being.
The Heaven the ancient Chinese referred to was actually the Universe, or nature. In those days, there were specfic rites of worship. This was especially true during the Ming and Qing dynasties when elaborate ceremonies were held. The Temple of Heaven was built in 1420 during the reign of Emperor Youngle of the Ming Dynasty. Situated in the southern part of the city ,this grand set of structures covers an area of 273 hectares. To better symbolize heaven and earth ,the northern part of the Temple is circular while the southern part is square .The whole compound is enclosed by two walls, a square wall outside a round one. The outer area is characterized by suburban scenery, while the inner part is used for sacrifices.
The inner enclosure consists of the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest and the Circular Mound Altar. (Along the Imperial Passage leading from the Southern Lattice Star Gate in front of the Circular Mound Altar) the Circular Mound Altar is enclosed by two walls ,each containing four groups of Souther n Lattice Star Gate, each in turn consisting of three doors, with 24 marble doors altogether. Standing on the passage facing north, you will notice that with each pair of doors on is narrower than the other. This reflects the feudal hierarchy: the wider door was reserved for monarchs, while the narrower one was used by courtiers. On the day of the ceremony ,the emperor would don his ritual costume and be ushered in by the official in charge of religious affairs. He ascended the three terraces in the forefront to pay tribute at the alter. (Atop the Circular Mound Alter) we are now on the top terrace of the Altar, or the third terrace .Each terrace has a flight of 9 steps.
At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 steps. At the center of this terrace lies a round stone surrounded by 9 concentric rings of stone. The number of stones in the first ring is 9, in the second ,18, up to 81 in the 9th ring. Even the number of carved balustrades on these terraces is a multiplee of 9. But why? According to an cient Chinese philosophy, yin and yang were two opposing factors. Heaven and the odd numbers belonged to yang while the Earth and even numbers belonged to yin. Nine was the largest heavenly number accessible to man . What is more, the ancient people also believed that heaven consisted of nine layers and that the emperor` s abode was on the uppermost tier.
女士们,先生们:
我是导游小王,现在我们来到了著名的八达岭山,站在八达岭上望长城,它像一条长龙,一眼望不到头。这条长龙一会儿爬上高坡,一会儿又跌落山谷,连绵起伏,雄伟壮丽。请大家往两边看,我们身边的这段城墙都是用质地坚固的城砖和漂亮的花岗岩砌成的,这些条石一块就有两三千斤重。那时候没有火车、汽车,没有起重机,只有靠劳动人民的一双双手,才把这么多几千斤重的条石一步一步地抬上这么陡峭的山岭。为了建筑长城,有许多人就累死在长城脚下。
介绍到这里,我要向大家讲述一下孟姜女哭倒长城八百里的传说。孟姜女的丈夫范喜良在新婚之夜被告抓去当修筑长城的奴隶。一年后,范喜良还是杳无音信。孟姜女就带上干粮,背上包袱,去寻找丈夫。经过长途跋涉,她终于找到了丈夫修筑长城的地方。来到这里,孟姜女才知道早在半年前丈夫就死了,而且就赶时髦在长城脚下。孟姜女失声痛哭,哭了三天三夜。八百里长城就轰――的一声,一下了倒下了。这个传说多么感人啊!我们走过的'这段长城传说就是被孟姜女哭倒过的八百里长城了。
下面,我要带你们来看看这两米多高的齿状的垛子,这垛子可以用来挡箭,再看垛子上方有一个了望口,垛子下面还有一个倾斜的口子,这就是射口,用来射击敌人的。
现在大家可以自由地在长城上走动,去感受长城时代久远的气息,观看长城风景。请大家注意安全,不要乱丢垃圾。
各位旅客:
你们好,我叫牛牛,今天由我来做你们的导游!
今天我们旅游的景点是天坛,现在,让我们一起上车,请注意系好平安带。现在,我们已经到达天坛,请各位旅客下车。 旅客们,当一进正门,我们将会看到许多个形状像坛子似的建筑,据说这个景点在一八六零年曾遭到英法联军的洗劫,一九零零年还遭受到八国联军的蹂躏。然而,在新中国成立以后,这里成为了著名的旅游景点。现在我们就以皇帝登坛的.路线进行游览。 首先我们欣赏第一个坛,它叫“圆丘坛”,它有两个防护墙,还有一些阶梯和古人的雕像。现在我们要登坛了,旅客们,请你们最好数一下脚下的阶梯,到了二楼,你们会看到许多各种各样的雕像,他们都是古代的名人。旅客们,现在你们可以自由欣赏,但请注意,不要乱涂乱画,带小孩的旅客请管理好自己的小孩,一小时之后,我们将会前往“天库”。
现在我们已经到达“天库”了,它的正殿就是皇穹宇,上面有三个石头,它们被称为“三音石”。只要你们在第一块石头拍手一下,它就回声一下,在第二块石头拍手一下,它就回声两下,在第三块石头拍手一下,它就回声三下,所以,它们才被称之为“三音石”。
现在,是旅客们自由活动时间,三小时后,我们在天坛正门集合,谢谢大家!