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隆恩殿是一座单檐歇山式建筑。殿檐下有蓝地金字的“隆恩殿”牌额一块,从左至有以汉满蒙三种文字书写,殿以隆恩命名是表示感恩爱福之意。隆恩殿共有三间,进深两间,周围出廊,共有廊柱20根环殿而立。殿内无天花棚,梁架,上面施以旋于彩画。这种作法称作“彻上明造”,是关外清早期建筑特点。殿内中间有一大暖阁,又称寝宫或神阁。阁内有宝床,帷幔、衾枕等卧具,阁的上方用黄云缎置项,名叫“披庐帽”。大暖阁里有一小暖阁,又叫佛龛,里面供放着帝后的神牌。在大暖阁前还有帝后的龙凤纹宝座,大祭时将神牌从暖阁中移至宝座上接受祭享。宝座前设有供桌,用来摆放祭品。供桌前有五只圆几,几上摆放珐琅香炉、烛台和花瓶五种供器一套,上面插有用铁片制成的“灵芝”及“万年松花”,又叫金银花钗。这批五供是乾隆四十年由北京内务府制造时。供案两侧有配案、配椅,配案上有五供等祭具。此外还有朝灯六只。
隆恩殿建在高6尺的合基上,台基为仰莲须弥式,平地起台是满族的一种风俗。大家可能发现这座月台还铺有许多名贵石料,对了。看,隆恩殿门檐下铺设的翡翠玉石一块,石长6尺,宽3尺,厚度因埋在地下不得而知。玉石是淡黄色,半透明,中间还夹杂着淡绿色及白色斑块。色彩斑澜,十分好看。此石是祭祀时主祭宫向神牌跪拜之处。康熙、乾隆、嘉庆和道光这四位皇帝东巡祭祖均在此跪拜。古人称此石为“翡翠玉拜石”。清同治年刊《陪都纪略》有诗云:“翡翠玉拜石,当年国富修,美玉非为宝,一善壮宏猷。”翡翠是很名贵的宝石,其价值甚至超过黄金。翡翠玉石我国很少出产,世界上也只有极少数国家出产。特别是像这样巨大的翡翠更是罕见。曾经有位欧美国家人士前来参观时说,此石是难得之品,价值连城。令人得以告慰的`是,它避开了近百年的无数次战乱而今仍安然无恙。翡翠玉拜石前面的台阶,是由三块“白宝石”铺成,它与普通汉白玉不同,石质润泽,宝光四射,也是石中上品。台基的护栏也是由一种叫“青金石”的贵重石料雕刻而成,石料虽青色,里面间或有许多黄自色大小不等的颗粒。《陪都记略》赞此石:“北陵龙来远,平洋第一丘。皇栏杆色润,青金石阶周”。还有,大家请看月台地砖,均为“金矿石”,石中有许多金粒,在阳光照射下,大家不妨找一找金光闪闪的金沙。在清代陵寝中,用这些名贵宝石修建陵寝,恐怕是独一无二的。这是昭陵的一大特色。也表明后嗣皇帝对开国皇帝皇太极的无限崇敬之情。
大家随我走下隆恩殿的台阶,请看“龙头瀑布”。它建在月台的四个角上,龙头巨口大开,为排水口,每逢暴雨,雨水便会从龙嘴喷涌而出,甚为壮观,成为昭陵一景。
这座隆恩殿要介绍的实在是太多,请大家边走边看月台墙壁,须弥座台基图案,异常美丽,从上往下分六层雕刻:第一层是连珠纹;第二层是由卷叶花组成的须弥座上枋;第三层是仰莲瓣组成的上袅;第四层是由卷叶花组成的柬腰;第五层是俯莲瓣组成的下枭;第六层是由唇形小花组成的下枋。整个隆恩殿月台栏板、栏柱、宝瓶云拱、望柱头、抱鼓石等部位都雕刻得十分细腻,图案有蔓草、卷叶花及石榴等纹饰,娓丽流畅,抒卷自如。富丽华美,是昭陵除石牌坊之外的又一件大型石雕艺术珍品,这在关内明清诸陵中也是不多见的,有浓厚的地方色彩,在建筑艺术上有着不可低估的价值,深受中外雕刻艺术家和建筑师们的赞扬。
还有隆恩殿两侧,各有四棵松树。据说,这是八旗大臣在护卫着隆恩殿,有文东武西之称。早些年这八棵松树参天蔽日,苍劲挺拔,后又枯死。如今是近些年栽的。
(二柱门与石祭台)
清昭陵现为国家重点文物保护单位,并于20xx年7月1日与沈阳故宫、沈阳福陵和抚顺永陵,经第28届世界遗产委员会会议表决通过,正式列入世界遗产名录。
昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年)至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成,后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成,其主体建筑都建在中轴线上,两侧对称排列,系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。
昭陵全陵占地18万平方米,共分三大部分。由南至北依次为:前部,从下马碑到正红门,包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅。;中部,从正红门到方城,包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房。;后部,是方城、月牙城和宝城,这是陵寝的主体。
方城正门称为隆恩门,上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门,券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝清昭陵城,在宝城中心,上为宝顶,下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山,登山俯视,陵园风光可尽收眼底。
游昭陵时,先游前部。前部在缭墙外,参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等,而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑,系青石建成,四柱三层,雕刻得玲珑剔透,精美无双,为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼,即可至正红门,这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门,层楼高耸,十分庄严,而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁,因造形生动,更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁,有华表、石兽和大望柱,它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真,栩栩若生,据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马,即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对,为颂扬墓主而建,里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。
出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门,与碑亭相对。方城为后部,它建造得如同城池一般,位于缭墙,仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心,前有隆恩门,后有明楼,左右有配殿,四隅有角楼,犹如众星拱月一般,故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗清昭陵岩台阶为底座,以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶,再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙,故又显得异常华丽。
参观罢隆恩殿,经过明楼,即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端,为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶,其下即地宫,安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶,向四下一望,绿树环合,景色清幽,宛若置身于城市山林中,一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。
昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵,松龄达三百多年,摇曳挺拔,参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观,其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。
民国十六年五月(),以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”,如今占地面积330万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心,分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态,五彩缤纷,其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园,总面积4万平方米,种植了近200种植物,四季分呈,各具特色。初春樱花盛开,满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放,柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶,层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹,苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林,春有花,夏有阴,秋有果,冬有青,奇花异石,小桥流水,颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合,用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体,构成了一幅天然画卷,吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面,夏天碧波荡漾,柳岸成荫,乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩,泛舟湖上,别有一番情趣。
北陵又称清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博乐济吉特氏的陵墓,占地面积 16万平方米,是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里,因此也称“北陵”,是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天,草木葱茏,湖水荡漾,楼殿威严,金瓦夺目,充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。昭陵除了葬有帝后外,还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽,是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵,是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。
昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年),至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成,后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成,其主体建筑都建在中轴线上,两侧对称排列,系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。
昭陵全陵占地18万平方米,共分三大部分。由南至北依次为:前部,从下马碑到正红门,包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅;中部,从正红门到方城,包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房;后部,是方城、月牙城和宝城,这是陵寝的主体。
方城正门称为隆恩门,上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门,券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝城,在宝城中心,上为宝顶,下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山,登山俯视,陵园风光可尽收眼底。
昭陵前部在缭墙外,参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等,而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑,系青石建成,四柱三层,雕刻得玲珑剔透,精美无双,为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼,即可至正红门,这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门,层楼高耸,十分庄严,而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁,因造形生动,更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁,有华表、石兽和大望柱,它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真,栩栩若生,据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马,即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对,为颂扬墓主而建,里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。
出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门,与碑亭相对。方城为后部,它建造得如同城池一般,位于缭墙,仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心,前有隆恩门,后有明楼,左右有配殿,四隅有角楼,犹如众星拱月一般,故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗岩台阶为底座,以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶,再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙,故又显得异常华丽。隆恩殿后经过明楼,即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端,为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶,其下即地宫,安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶,向四下一望,绿树环合,景色清幽,宛若置身于城市山林中,一种恬适之感油然而生。
民国十六年五月(1927年),以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”,如今占地面积332万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心,分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态,五彩缤纷,其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园,总面积4万平方米,种植了近 200种植物,四季分呈,各具特色。初春樱花盛开,满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放,柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶,层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹,苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林,春有花,夏有阴,秋有果,冬有青,奇花异石,小桥流水,颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合,用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体,构成了一幅天然画卷,吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面,夏天碧波荡漾,柳岸成荫,乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩,泛舟湖上,别有一番情趣。现在北陵公园已是闻名中外的旅游景区。现为国家重点文物保护单位。
参观罢隆恩殿,经过明楼,即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端,为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶,其下即地宫,安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶,向四下一望,绿树环合,景色清幽,宛若置身于城市山林中,一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。
昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵,松龄达三百多年,摇曳挺拔,参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观,其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。
沈阳昭陵古老的历史、神秘的皇陵、千姿百态的自然景观,成为数以万计的中外游客为之心旷神怡、流连忘返的浏览胜地,亦成为世界各国人民了解中国、了解沈阳的窗口.
Zhao Mausoleum called clear zhaoling is the second generation of the founding emperor qing dynasty emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bo le dhi corp's tomb, covers an area of 160000 square meters, is the largest "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty, imposing manner is the most magnificent one. Located in the ancient city of shenyang (shengjing) NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", is in the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern landscape architecture. Garden ancient pine trees towering, grass green, lake water ripples, and building the temple, watts, fully shows the royal tombs of the majestic, magnificent, and the modern garden of elegant and beautiful. Zhaoling besides buried with emperor after, also buried the have no opinion of GongChen princess, 'toe GongGuiFei, GongShuFei etc. A batch of empresses beauty, is the most representative in the mausoleum of the commissioner of the qing dynasty of the mausoleum of hadrian, is our country one of the most complete existing ancient imperial mausoleum building.
Zhaoling mausoleum was built in the qing chong DE eight years (in 1643), to shunzhi eight years (1651 years) basic completion of after reconstruction and Labour market and present it with many times the size of the now. Mausoleum building layout follow lay after the "power" of the catacombs principle from south to north by the before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on the central axis, symmetrically arranged on both sides, is imitated from the tomb of the Ming dynasty and has the characteristics of the manchu mausoleum.
Zhaoling mausoleum all covers an area of 180000 square meters, is divided into three parts. From south to north in the order: the front, from the horse monuments to the red door, including huabiao, stone lions, stone memorial arch, change clothes, slaughter hall hall; Central, from red gate to mahjong layout, including huabiao, stone animal, monuments, buildings and buildings for sacrifice; Back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum.
Mahjong layout called long gate, main entrance on the gate house. Mahjong layout has four corners watchtower. Mahjong layout inside the long house, things peidian peidian, things dry fruit room and burn silks. Long behind the surface there are two columns and door, five for David and vouchers, coupons hole at the top is daming. After mahjong layout is the crescent city and city, in the city, to treasure top, for dungeons. Treasure mountain city is long behind industry, mountain climbing, cemetery landscape panoramic view.
Zhao LingQian in sheet wall, went on both sides of the pavilion have huabiao, shishi, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. Arch is the front of the main body construction, bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures. Swim alone arched, then to red gate, this is the beginning of the tour in central. Is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, because of the shape and vivid, more conspicuous. Is red and went up on both sides of the door, huabiao, stone and large column, they two relatively. Slash and solemn. The beast is the most admirable in "white" and "white". The two stone horse horse image lifelike, as if, in love ride two horses were alive as the prototype carve. Appreciate the stone horse ", then to the pavilion. Pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling alkaloids in SAN DE tablet".
The pavilion is to long. Long the door is mahjong layout is the south gate, as opposed to a pavilion. Mahjong layout for the back, as it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. To travel to swim long temple city first. Long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the Ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. Long temple carved granite steps as base, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, so it is extremely magnificent. Long stay behind after Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously.
Sixteen years of the republic of China (1927) in May, bi is "Zhao Mausoleum park" for the center with mausoleum, now covers an area of 3.32 million square meters. Centered on the overall planning of tomb, tomb, LingQian and ling after three parts. Campus beautiful natural scenery, colorful, aromatic show garden is the YuanZhongYuan Zhao Mausoleum park, a total area of 40000 square meters, planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. Early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; A new summer lotus, the willows; Late autumn full mountain red leaves, CengLinJinRan; Winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. Across the garden, spring flowers, summer has Yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone Bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan. Campus architecture and landscape clever union, with Chinese traditional garden architecture combines natural beauty and artificial beauty as a whole, constitute a natural landscape, attract a large number of tourists to visit. Zhao Mausoleum park has 300000 square meters of artificial lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat, the boat for sightseeing, boating on the lake, don't have a taste. Is now Zhao Mausoleum park is a world-famous tourist scenic spot. Now the national key cultural relics protection units.
Visit long temple ", after the Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously. Now zhaoling has warded Zhao Mausoleum park.
Another feature of zhaoling is boundless example in several groups. Existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. These green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.
Shenyang zhaoling ancient history, mysterious tomb, beautiful natural landscape, as tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign visitors find the scenery pleasing to both the eye and the mind, linger for browsing resort, also become the window of the people all over the world understand China, know about shenyang.
游客朋友们:
大家好!昭陵,因为位于沈阳市的北郊,所以又称为北陵,是清朝第二代皇帝清太宗皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔挤吉特氏的陵墓,是清朝"关外三陵"中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座,也是我过现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑群之一。
皇太极是清太祖努尔哈赤的第八个儿子,出生于现在的辽宁省抚顺市新宾县永陵镇。他是历史上著名的政治家、军事家,一生勤于政事,勇于战阵,在位17年,完成了东北统一大业,建立起关东一统的大清帝国。崇德八年,也就是公历1643年的八月初九深夜,在沈阳故宫的清凝宫东屋南炕上"端坐无疾而终",享年52岁。
死后的梓棺移至陵寝暂安。顺治六年也就的公元1649年四月十七日,孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏四去,第二年梓棺移至昭陵与皇太极合葬。
昭陵建于崇德八年即1643年,竣工于顺治八年即1651年,以后历经多次改建和增修而形成现在的规模。在建筑风格上,昭陵既吸取了明陵的建筑长处,又具有满足陵寝建筑的特点,是汉满文化交融的典范。昭陵占地面积45万平方米,平面布局遵循"前朝后寝"的原则,自南向北由前、中、后三部分组成,其主要建筑都建在一条中轴线上,两侧建筑采取对称形式分布,中轴线的最后面是全部建筑的主体。
现在我们就按照由南向北的顺序进行参观游览,首先是第一部分。
北陵又称清昭陵,是清朝第二代开国君主,太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后的陵墓,占地面积18万平方米,位于沈阳古城北约十华里,因此也称"北陵",是清初"关外三陵"中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。
昭陵由南至北,依次为分前、中、后三个部分组成。
前部在缭墙外。参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等,而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑,是由青石建成,四柱三层,雕刻得玲珑剔透,精美无双,为罕见的艺术珍品。
中部,从正红门到方城,正红门为缭墙的正南门,层楼高耸,十分庄严,而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁,造形生动,引人注目。碑亭与正红门相对,为颂扬墓主而建,里面所竖碑称"昭陵神、功圣德碑"。
后部,是方城、月牙城和宝城,这是陵寝的主体。它建造得如同城池一般,位于缭墙,仿佛是城中之城。隆恩殿居于方城中心,前有隆恩门,后有明楼,左右有配殿,四隅有角楼,犹如众星拱月一般,故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗岩台阶为底座,以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶,再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙,显得异常华丽。
隆恩殿后经过明楼,到达宝城。宝城在方城北端,为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶。登上宝顶,向四下一望,绿树环合,景色清幽,宛若置身于城市山林中,一种恬适之感油然而生。
陵园内古松参天,草木葱茏,湖水荡漾,楼殿威严,金瓦夺目,自然景观千姿百态,五彩缤纷,其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园,种植了近200种植物,四季分呈,各具特色。初春樱花盛开,满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放,柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶,层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹,苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林,春有花,夏有阴,秋有果,冬有青,奇花异石,小桥流水,颇有江南之秀。
北陵还拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面,夏天碧波荡漾,柳岸成荫,乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩,泛舟湖上,别有一番情趣。
北陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵,松龄达三百多年,摇曳挺拔,参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观,其中的"神树"、"凤凰树"、"夫妻树"、"姐妹树"、"龟树"等更是别具特色。
北陵又称清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博乐济吉特氏的陵墓,占地面积 16万平方米,是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里,因此也称“北陵”,是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天,草木葱茏,湖水荡漾,楼殿威严,金瓦夺目,充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。昭陵除了葬有帝后外,还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽,是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵,是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。
昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年),至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成,后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成,其主体建筑都建在中轴线上,两侧对称排列,系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。
昭陵全陵占地18万平方米,共分三大部分。由南至北依次为:前部,从下马碑到正红门,包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅;中部,从正红门到方城,包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房;后部,是方城、月牙城和宝城,这是陵寝的主体。
方城正门称为隆恩门,上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门,券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝城,在宝城中心,上为宝顶,下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山,登山俯视,陵园风光可尽收眼底。
昭陵前部在缭墙外,参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等,而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑,系青石建成,四柱三层,雕刻得玲珑剔透,精美无双,为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼,即可至正红门,这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门,层楼高耸,十分庄严,而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁,因造形生动,更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁,有华表、石兽和大望柱,它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真,栩栩若生,据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马,即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对,为颂扬墓主而建,里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。
出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门,与碑亭相对。方城为后部,它建造得如同城池一般,位于缭墙,仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心,前有隆恩门,后有明楼,左右有配殿,四隅有角楼,犹如众星拱月一般,故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗岩台阶为底座,以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶,再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙,故又显得异常华丽。隆恩殿后经过明楼,即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端,为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶,其下即地宫,安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶,向四下一望,绿树环合,景色清幽,宛若置身于城市山林中,一种恬适之感油然而生。
民国十六年五月(),以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”,如今占地面积332万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心,分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态,五彩缤纷,其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园,总面积4万平方米,种植了近 200种植物,四季分呈,各具特色。初春樱花盛开,满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放,柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶,层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹,苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林,春有花,夏有阴,秋有果,冬有青,奇花异石,小桥流水,颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合,用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体,构成了一幅天然画卷,吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面,夏天碧波荡漾,柳岸成荫,乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩,泛舟湖上,别有一番情趣。现在北陵公园已是闻名中外的旅游景区。现为国家重点文物保护单位。
参观罢隆恩殿,经过明楼,即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端,为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶,其下即地宫,安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶,向四下一望,绿树环合,景色清幽,宛若置身于城市山林中,一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。
昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵,松龄达三百多年,摇曳挺拔,参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观,其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。
沈阳昭陵古老的历史、神秘的皇陵、千姿百态的自然景观,成为数以万计的中外游客为之心旷神怡、流连忘返的浏览胜地,亦成为世界各国人民了解中国、了解沈阳的窗口.
Zhao Mausoleum called clear zhaoling is the second generation of the founding emperor qing dynasty emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bo le dhi corp's tomb, covers an area of 160000 square meters, is the largest "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty, imposing manner is the most magnificent one. Located in the ancient city of shenyang (shengjing) NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", is in the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern landscape architecture. Garden ancient pine trees towering, grass green, lake water ripples, and building the temple, watts, fully shows the royal tombs of the majestic, magnificent, and the modern garden of elegant and beautiful. Zhaoling besides buried with emperor after, also buried the have no opinion of GongChen princess, 'toe GongGuiFei, GongShuFei etc. A batch of empresses beauty, is the most representative in the mausoleum of the commissioner of the qing dynasty of the mausoleum of hadrian, is our country one of the most complete existing ancient imperial mausoleum building.
Zhaoling mausoleum was built in the qing chong DE eight years (in 1643), to shunzhi eight years (1651 years) basic completion of after reconstruction and Labour market and present it with many times the size of the now. Mausoleum building layout follow lay after the "power" of the catacombs principle from south to north by the before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on the central axis, symmetrically arranged on both sides, is imitated from the tomb of the Ming dynasty and has the characteristics of the manchu mausoleum.
Zhaoling mausoleum all covers an area of 180000 square meters, is divided into three parts. From south to north in the order: the front, from the horse monuments to the red door, including huabiao, stone lions, stone memorial arch, change clothes, slaughter hall hall; Central, from red gate to mahjong layout, including huabiao, stone animal, monuments, buildings and buildings for sacrifice; Back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum.
Mahjong layout called long gate, main entrance on the gate house. Mahjong layout has four corners watchtower. Mahjong layout inside the long house, things peidian peidian, things dry fruit room and burn silks. Long behind the surface there are two columns and door, five for David and vouchers, coupons hole at the top is daming. After mahjong layout is the crescent city and city, in the city, to treasure top, for dungeons. Treasure mountain city is long behind industry, mountain climbing, cemetery landscape panoramic view.
Zhao LingQian in sheet wall, went on both sides of the pavilion have huabiao, shishi, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. Arch is the front of the main body construction, bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures. Swim alone arched, then to red gate, this is the beginning of the tour in central. Is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, because of the shape and vivid, more conspicuous. Is red and went up on both sides of the door, huabiao, stone and large column, they two relatively. Slash and solemn. The beast is the most admirable in "white" and "white". The two stone horse horse image lifelike, as if, in love ride two horses were alive as the prototype carve. Appreciate the stone horse ", then to the pavilion. Pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling alkaloids in SAN DE tablet".
The pavilion is to long. Long the door is mahjong layout is the south gate, as opposed to a pavilion. Mahjong layout for the back, as it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. To travel to swim long temple city first. Long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the Ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. Long temple carved granite steps as base, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, so it is extremely magnificent. Long stay behind after Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously.
Sixteen years of the republic of China (1927) in May, bi is "Zhao Mausoleum park" for the center with mausoleum, now covers an area of 3.32 million square meters. Centered on the overall planning of tomb, tomb, LingQian and ling after three parts. Campus beautiful natural scenery, colorful, aromatic show garden is the YuanZhongYuan Zhao Mausoleum park, a total area of 40000 square meters, planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. Early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; A new summer lotus, the willows; Late autumn full mountain red leaves, CengLinJinRan; Winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. Across the garden, spring flowers, summer has Yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone Bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan. Campus architecture and landscape clever union, with Chinese traditional garden architecture combines natural beauty and artificial beauty as a whole, constitute a natural landscape, attract a large number of tourists to visit. Zhao Mausoleum park has 300000 square meters of artificial lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat, the boat for sightseeing, boating on the lake, don't have a taste. Is now Zhao Mausoleum park is a world-famous tourist scenic spot. Now the national key cultural relics protection units.
Visit long temple ", after the Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously. Now zhaoling has warded Zhao Mausoleum park.
Another feature of zhaoling is boundless example in several groups. Existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. These green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.
Shenyang zhaoling ancient history, mysterious tomb, beautiful natural landscape, as tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign visitors find the scenery pleasing to both the eye and the mind, linger for browsing resort, also become the window of the people all over the world understand China, know about shenyang.
推荐专题: 沈阳北陵公园导游词