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青岩古镇位于贵阳市的南郊,距市区约29公里。这是贵州非常著名的文化古镇之一,游客来到这里,立即就会感悟到悠悠古韵。
青岩古镇历史悠久,自明洪武十一年设青岩堡至今已有600多年了。明初,中央王朝为了控制西南边陲,于洪武六年置贵州卫指挥使司,以控制川、滇、湘、桂驿道,因青岩位于广西入贵阳门户的贵番主驿道之中段,在驿道上设传递公文日"铺"和传递军情的"塘"。驻军于双狮峰下驿道旁建屯,史称"青岩屯"。洪武十四年朱元璋派30尢大军远征滇黔,大批军队进入黔中腹地后驻下屯田;屯"逐渐发展成军民同驻的`村寨,"青岩屯"演变为"青岩堡"。天启四年至七年时领青岩土守备,领72寨,控制八番十二司的班麟贵在离青岩堡约1公里的"四只把"坡建土城,时人称为"王城"音译汉语为"兵城"或"营盘"之意,这是今青岩城的雏形。土城居高踞险,原青岩堡内寨民为避兵祸,多搬入土城居住,使土城渐具规模,成了南下定番,此上贵阳,西入平坝,东走龙里的十字交通要寨。经数百年历史沧桑,多次整修扩建,由土城而至石砌城墙、石砌街巷。于今青岩城成了一卒座明清风格的文化古镇。
作为贵州省历史文化古镇,青岩的文物点多达百处,其中23处已收入《中国文物地图集。贵州分册》。在那亘古不变的狮子山下,古镇胜迹随处可见。交错密布于镇内的明清古建筑,计有九寺、八庙、五阁、三洞、二祠、一宫、一院等共37处,其中8座石碑坊现存3坊。这些古建筑都是设计精巧、工艺精湛的佳作,如慈云寺的石雕、寿佛寺的木雕艺术均为贵阳市仅见的精品。寺庙、楼阁无不画栋雕梁、飞角重檐相间,虽年久失修,大部分仍风韵犹存。
青岩镇的镇容布局沿袭明、清格局,至今仍存完好的朝门、腰门以及陈旧古老的石柜台和木柜台,总给人以悠悠古韵。新建的古镇商业街更使古镇遗风韵味得以弘扬。
青岩,贵州有名的.文化古镇。古城楼巍峨,石板街悠长,古寺庙恢宏,石碑坊精美,古民房错落,古油杉参天……无不散发出悠远古朴的神韵。土司官班麟贵,是布依族,家就住在青岩,先辈为此族人首领。天启后期(1624――1620年),班麟贵率领管辖各土司土目及各族人民,伐树烧荒,炸石平地,自筑城垣。城竣,命名“青崖(岩)”,既遵朝廷之训,延续青岩堡之名,又以城东北巍峨青岩之石类一雄狮伏地,可镇压八方之意。当地少数民族又叫它“王荣”城。
按布依族当地语译成汉语意思是“兵城”、“营盘”城之意。青岩城东、南、西、北四门耸立八座石牌坊,被毁五座,现尚存三座,即“赵彩章百岁坊”、“周王氏媳刘氏节孝坊”、“赵理伦百岁坊”。这批石牌坊雕刻精巧,造形各异,雄伟壮丽,剔透玲珑。石牌坊呈四柱三间三楼四阿顶式,石柱上刻有楹联,居中有悬匾,空雕龙形图案,护柱刻成动物形状,横匾上有各种浮雕。
青岩还有自身特有而远近驰名的土特产品。玫瑰糖(原名"麻片糖")闾鹂煽冢系平正宽家。874年首户生产传承至今的百年老字号。青岩双花醋也有百岁高龄,至今不衰,其醋液浓稠持碗,色如酱油黑中带红,酸味适中,曲香回味悠长而略甜,"老贵阳"们对它颇为偏爱。
尊敬的各位嘉宾:
娄山,位于黔北乌江与赤水河之间,自东北走向西南,群山巍峨,万峰矗立,海拨1500~1700米,相对高度为500米左右。它北临四川盆地边缘,南断乌江峡谷,东抵湘西十万大山,西接滇东乌蒙山系,莽莽苍苍,雄浑磅礴。
娄山关为娄山山脉主峰,海拨1576米,距遵义城50公里,是遵义县与桐梓县的交界处。北距巴蜀,南扼黔桂,自古以来,为川黔两省来往必经的孔道。
关口周围奇峰突起,若斧似戟,直刺苍穹。关下,公路陡曲险仄,九曲盘旋,始达山巅。关口西侧的山峰名“鸡爪山”,海拔1576米;东侧的山峰俨若巨锥,故名“大尖山”,海拔1444米;大尖山下有一小山依傍,称“小尖山”,海拔1321米。娄山关上的制高点为点灯山(又名点金山)海拔1422米,关上有1米多高的石碑一道,上镂“娄山关”三个阴文草书大字。
自明迄清,娄山关上曾发生过多次农民起义军的战争。为黔北著名的古战场之一。但娄山关真正闻名于世,还是在1935年以后。
1935年2月,遵义会议召开之后,中央红军欲“先机占领赤水、北渡长江,会合红四方面军”。大军行至赤水河,遭川敌重兵所阻,遂改变计划,东渡赤水(二渡赤水),改向敌人防御力量薄弱的黔北进军。红军于太平渡、二郎滩等渡口渡河后,挥戈东指,即向贵州桐梓疾进。正在桐梓驻防的黔军第四团(团长蒋德铭)忽接遵义黔军二十五军军长王家烈电,饬他迅速向松坎方向推进,桐梓城防交第六团(团长刘鹤鸣)接替。于是蒋德铭留下两连交防之兵,匆匆率部北撤。
黔军旅长社肇华亲率第六团由遵义的虾子场等地出发,兼程赶赴桐梓接防。2月24日,红一军团一师一团迅速攻占桐梓,接军军委于25日指示红军部队要坚决消灭娄山关之敌,并乘胜夺胜遵义。红军袭占桐梓县城后,军委趁黔军第六团正向桐梓趋进的空隙,令三军团第十三团是夜急速南进,力求先敌迅猛进占娄山关。书法家舒同题写的娄山关三个大字.25日上午9时许,红军十三团南进途中,在娄山关北麓的红花园与赶赴桐梓接防的黔军第六团遭遇,敌人猝不及防,被红军重创,且战且退,最后退守关上。为夺雄关,红军勇猛冲杀,与敌反复争夺娄山关侧的制主点点金山,终于在黄昏前占领。是夜,红军与敌对峙在关口一线。当晚,红十一团奉命从东侧取道点灯山下,迂回关南板桥之敌,断敌后路;一军团的一部也奉命于天明前抢占关侧的石炭关。(万紫千红提示:导游员讲解历史事件一定要真实准确,掌握全面。)
娄山关上的守敌遭红军狠击,连夜速向遵义城军部告急,王家烈慌令黔军第十五团(团长金祖典)赶赴板桥增援;另派十团(团长宋绍奎)迂回增援关口之敌。26日清晨,娄山关上农雾弥漫,寒风砭骨。红十二团接替红十三团担任正面进攻,红十一团和红十团从东西两侧包抄关口至黑神庙一线之敌,激战至下午五时,红军终于夺下关口。敌人兵败如山倒,山崖草丛,遍遗黔军双枪兵的大烟枪与吸烟工具。敌残部沿川黔公路纷纷向遵义城狼狈逃窜。红军在娄山关至板桥一线击溃和消灭黔军三个团后,于26日夜间衔枚疾驰,挥戈南下,乘胜直取遵义。
娄山关一战,揭示了遵义大捷的序幕,首获长征以来的巨大胜利,立即显示了遵义会议的伟大成果,全军振奋,士气倍增。当时任红三军团军团长的彭德怀,是娄山关战斗的战场指挥员。他坚决执行军委命令,勇猛果敢,身先士卒,不顾个人安危,冒着敌人炮火,亲临前线直接指挥战斗,充分表现出一个高级指挥员大无畏的英雄本色。
为讴歌革命的艰难与胜利,战后,毛泽东于2月作词《忆秦娥•娄山关》:“西风烈,长空雁叫霜晨月。霜晨月,马蹄声碎,喇叭声咽。雄关漫道真如铁,而今迈步从头越。从头越,苍山如海,残阳如血。”
各位团友大家好,今天我们要游览的是贵阳著名风景区――甲秀楼。甲秀楼位于贵阳市南部的南明河上,是市内的一座人文景观,犹如西安的大雁塔、武汉的黄鹤楼、成都的望江楼一样,它是贵阳市的市徽和标志。
甲秀楼始建于明万历26年,也就是公元1598年,至今已有400多年的历史。最先倡导修建甲秀楼的是当时的贵州巡抚江东之,他很重视文化教育,建楼的用意深远,不但刻意点明贵阳山水秀甲黔中,而且激励人们努力学习,使贵阳"科甲挺秀",人才辈出。自此之后,贵阳确实出了一些名人:例如《康熙字典》首席修撰官周起渭(渔璜),戊戌变法中保举康有为、梁启超等人的李端芬,清朝的两个状元文状元赵以炯和武状元曹维城。在甲秀楼里你还可以看见贵州的许多名人以及他们的生平介绍。所以说甲秀楼是贵阳"人杰地灵"的'象征,是贵阳山水与文化的精华。
现在我们看到的是甲秀楼的简介,介绍了甲秀楼的由来,抬头便是石牌坊,上面题词"城南胜迹",大家往下看,就可以看到牌坊前后共有8个石狮子,它们不是通常见到的坐狮或卧狮,而是从高处俯冲下来的雄狮。在贵州的古建筑中您经常可以看见这样的下山狮,显得虎虎生气,好不威风。游客朋友们,有兴趣的不妨去留个影,做个纪念。
Qingyan Town, an ancient town in Ming and Qing Dynasties, is about 60 li away from Guiyang. It is close to Miao Township, and used to be an important military town to suppress the uprising of Miao people. It was also a thoroughfare to Sichuan, Hunan, Yunnan and Guangxi, through which merchants came and went.
In fact, there are many distinctive buildings with profound historical background in the town. Climbing on the side of the town is not too high hillside (local people call it huangjiapo), you can have a bird's-eye view of the town. Because the town is not built on a plane, but on the uneven hillside, from a high point of view, the pattern of the whole town gives people a three-dimensional aesthetic feeling that is difficult to see in other ancient towns. Temples, gates, these main buildings stand in the curling smoke, telling people one old story after another. Surprisingly, in addition to many temples, there are still a Christian Church and a Catholic Church in the town.
In other words, there are both Buddhists and Catholicism and Christianity in the small town. What we can't know is how the phenomenon of "coexistence of three religions" has been preserved in the long history. However, according to the people in the town, the incense in the temple will not be broken every time we arrive at the first and the fifteenth day of the new year, and there is an endless stream of people going to the church on Sunday. In addition to temples and churches, the most culturally representative thing in the town may be the well preserved ancient archways. It is said that there were originally eight stone archways in the ancient town. Due to historical reasons, only three of them were left. They are the north gate There are "Zhao caizhang centenary square" outside, "Zhao ethnics centenary square" inside the south gate, and "Zhou Wang's daughter-in-law Liu's Jiexiao square" near dingguang gate. Among them, the construction of Jiexiao square is the most magnificent, and there are even plaques inlaid with imperial edicts on the top of the square. What's more dramatic is that the church representing western culture is built opposite to the filial piety square, which is a symbol of the traditional oriental thought. The high spire has been standing for a hundred years. This kind of uneven asymmetric beauty, with a strong contrast, has been rendered into the whole cultural atmosphere. Therefore, it looks like a fierce cultural and religious conflict here, but it has been integrated unprecedentedly. People have to sigh for the beauty of this bullet How amazing is the cultural inclusiveness of the earth.
During the Anti Japanese War, Qingyan city wall was in good condition, the four gates were still remote and safe, and many "refugees" were accepted. Guiyang traffic station of the Eighth Route Army set up an Xuan point in Qingyan and evacuated many families of revolutionary cadres here. Zhou Enlai's father, Deng Yingchao's mother, Li Kenong and the family members of Bogu (Qin bangxian) all lived in Qingyan. The former residence of Li Kenong's relatives: located at No. 10, North Street, Qingyan Town, where the relatives of Li Kenong and other communist leaders lived from 1939 to 1941, and are still folk houses; the former residence of Deng Yingchao's mother: located at No. 75, South Street, where Ms. Yang Zhende, Deng Yingchao's mother, lived from 1939 to 1941, and are still folk houses, running fast food; The former residence of Premier Zhou Enlai's father: it is located at No.2 qingyanbei street. From 1939 to 1941, Zhou Enlai's father, Zhou Maochen, once lived here, which is now open to the public.
It's a world of stone. The ancient post road paved with bluestone is wide and flat, clean and spotless. Houses are stone tiles, stone walls, stone benches, stone mills. The only difference is that the walls of rich people are built with green stones, while the walls of poor people are made of crushed stones. As time goes on, these houses are getting lower and dilapidated. In the world of cold and hard stones, nature yearns for warmth. As a result, every family planted flowers and trees in their own small courtyard. Through the small doorframe, you can see the colorful inside. Who says people here don't know how to create beauty and appreciate beauty?
The layout of the town is also very simple. The ancient post road is the main part of the town, and the alleys on both sides are the same as the hutongs in Beijing. They are deep and quiet. Walking in them, you suddenly feel like you are far away from the hustle and bustle and want to be independent. What's more, the town is built on the mountain. It's more fun to walk with the high and the low.
At that time, merchants from south to North brought not only various goods, but also different regional cultures. Today, although the prosperity has dissipated, it has left behind a few halls with high walls and a few Buddhist temples, Taoist temples and Catholic churches. But they are only scenic spots for foreign tourists, and for local people, what they are proud of is a champion mansion.
The so-called "Fu" is actually just a dilapidated courtyard with a row of low three Ying tile roofed houses and a wing room. There are several pieces of old furniture and historical materials about Zhuangyuanlang in the room. From the historical data, his achievements are really mediocre, but his experience of scientific examination is full of legend: in the general examination, he only ranked 297, but in the palace examination, he miraculously won the first place and became the new champion. It is also for this reason that every year before the college entrance examination, parents in Guiyang always drive their children here to worship. Usually quiet town suddenly a busy scene, and sometimes even road congestion. It seems that as long as we don't reform the current exam oriented education, our compatriots will still live to hell, always hoping to get some "literary luck" from this favorite of the imperial examination.
About half a mile away from Zhuangyuan mansion, it is a Taoist temple. It was rebuilt from Jiangxi guild hall and still retains its original architectural style. On the opposite side of the main hall, the stage is carved with beams and painted buildings, and the bamboo column and cornice are very exquisite. It's a pity that the scenes of bamboo and meat on the stage and the drinking under the stage can't be seen again. When he entered the hall, he was dumbfounded. It turned out that the one sitting on it was not the usual three Qing and four emperors, but Liu An, who was famous for "one man's success and one dog's success". To be fair, it is human nature to "ascend to heaven" by nepotism. Isn't miss Bao in the Grand View Garden saying that "good wind will send me to Qingyun with help"? It's just that compared with Miss Bao's euphemism and propriety, it's too straightforward, so it always makes people feel a bit vulgar.
So I think of Lijiang in Yunnan and Pingyao in Shanxi. All of them have been preserved because of their remoteness and become tourist attractions. A history of prosperity and decline just reflects the great changes of society. However, with the development of tourism, the commercial atmosphere has become increasingly strong. In Pingyao, looking at the row upon row of shops along the street, I feel that there is only one shell left in this ancient city. Only when we see this small town with more original features can we feel that we are looking at a page of history that has already passed away, and then we can feel a sense of emotion and desolation.