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古大槐树,又称洪洞大槐树,位于洪洞县城西北二公里的贾村西侧的大槐树公园内,这里洪洞虽然没有什么宏伟的建筑,但是不论严寒的冬天,还是酷热的炎夏,游客络绎不绝,有的赋诗题词,抒发“饮水思源”之幽情,有的仰望古槐,盘桓眷恋,久久不肯离去。
元朝末年,元政府连年对外用兵,对内实行民族压迫,加之黄淮流域水灾不断,饥荒频仍,终于激起连绵十余年的红巾军起义。元政府予以残暴的镇压,争域夺地的殊死之战时有发生,两淮、山东、河北、河南百姓十亡七八。元末战乱的创伤未及医治,明初“靖难之役”又接踵而至。冀、鲁、豫、皖诸地深受其害,几成无人之地。在元末战乱时,蒙古地主武装察罕贴木儿父子统治的“表里山河”——山西,却是另外一种景象,相对显得安定,风调雨顺,连年丰收,较之于相邻诸省,山西经济繁荣,人丁兴旺。再者,外省也有大量难民流入山西,致使山西成了人口稠密的地区。明朝灭亡元朝后为了巩固新政权和发展经济,从洪武初年至永乐十五年,五十余年间组织了八次大规模的移民活动。
晋南是山西人口稠密之处,而洪洞又是当时晋南最大,人口最多的县。据记载,明朝时在洪洞城北二华里的贾村西侧有一座广济寺,寺院宏大,殿宇巍峨,僧众很多,香客不绝。寺旁有一棵“树身数围,荫遮数亩’”的汉槐,车马大道从树荫下通过。汾河滩上的老鹞在树上构窝筑巢,星罗棋布,甚为壮观。明朝政府在广济寺设局驻员集中办理移民,大槐树下就成了移民集聚之地。
晚秋时节,槐叶凋落,老鸦窝显得十分醒目。移民们临行之时,凝眸高大的古槐,栖息在树杈间的老鹞不断地发出声声哀鸣,令别离故土的移民潸然泪下,频频回首,不忍离去,最后只能看见大槐树上的老鹤窝。为此,大槐树和老鹤窝就成为移民惜别家乡的标志。“问我祖先何处来,山西洪洞大槐树。祖先故里叫什么,大槐树下老鸹窝。”这首民谣数百年来在我国许多地区广为流传。
明初从山西洪洞等地迁出的移民主要分布在河南、河北、山东、北京、安徽、江苏、湖北等地,少部分迁往陕西、甘肃、宁夏地区。从山西迁往上述各地的移民,后又转迁到云南、四川、贵州、新疆及东北诸省。如此长时间大范围有组织的大规模迁徙,在我国历史上是罕见的,而将一方之民散移各地,仅此一例而已。明政府推行移民垦荒振兴农业的政策,虽然其目的是巩固封建王朝的统治,但客观上缓和了社会矛盾,调动了农民的生产积极性,使农业生产逐步得到恢复,边防巩固,社会安定。
民国二年,宦游山东的贾村人景大启告老还乡后,集资修建了碑亭、茶室等。碑亭建在原来的古大槐树处,亭虽不大,但雕梁画栋,飞檐斗拱,精巧玲珑。亭中竖立青石碑一座,刻有“古大槐树处”五个隶体大字。碑亭背面,刻有碑文,简述移民事略。亭前靠西一侧,建有茶室三间,以备寻根游人歇憩品茗,茶室楣匾题字为“饮水思源”。碑南二十余米处建有牌坊一座,横额雕刻着“誉延嘉树”,另一面刻有“荫庇群生”。八十年代初,洪洞县政府重修并扩建了大槐树公园。
Xiaoyi city is located in the west of the central part of the province and the south end of Luliang area, covering an area of 943 square kilometers. It now governs 6 towns and 12 townships, with a population of 363200. The municipal government is located in Chengguan town. Xiaoyi was established in the spring and Autumn Period in the Jin Dynasty as guayan County, in the Western Han Dynasty as Zishi County, and in the Three Kingdoms as Zhongyang County. In the first year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty, it was incorporated into Xicheng County, in the Northern Wei Dynasty as Yong'an County, and in the Sui Dynasty as Xihe county. In the first year of Zhengguan in the Tang Dynasty, it was named Xiaoyi county. In 1991, a county-level city was set up.
Xiaoyi city is not only the political, economic, cultural and military center of the city, but also the material distribution center and important transportation hub of Western Shanxi and Northern Shaanxi. The city is high in the West and low in the East. The East is a part of Taiyuan Basin. It is a main grain and cotton producing area with flat terrain, fertile soil, sufficient water and convenient transportation. In the middle of the loess hilly area, the terrain is broken, terraces are all over, with an average altitude of about 1000 meters. The western mountainous area is a branch of Luliang Mountain. The main peaks are Longpan mountain and Fenghuang mountain, with an altitude of 1163 meters and 1365 meters respectively. The main rivers in the territory are Wenyu River, Ciyao River, Xiabao River, dui River, etc.
The city has a continental climate, with an average annual temperature of 10.1 degrees, an average temperature of - 5.6 degrees in January, an average temperature of 23.7 degrees in July, an average annual rainfall of 470 mm, a frost free period of 170 days from early October to mid April of the next year. Xiaoyi City has 528800 mu of arable land. The main food crops are wheat, sorghum, corn, millet, soybean and potato. In addition, buckwheat, naked oats, millet and other miscellaneous grains are also planted in a large area. Economic crops are mainly walnut, persimmon, cotton, oil and so on.
Xiaoyi city is rich in mineral resources, mainly including coal, aluminum, gypsum, iron and so on. Among them, coal reserves are the largest, with proven coal reserves of 7.1 billion tons. It is the main coal mining base of Fenxi Mining Bureau. Secondly, bauxite is the source base of Shanxi Aluminum Plant. The main industries include coal, ironmaking, chemical fertilizer, cement, agricultural machinery, plastics, ceramics, textile, wine making, fur, glass, printing, food processing, etc. Xiaoyi City has convenient transportation. JieXi and Xiaoliu branch railways run through the whole territory, which is the main gateway of Xiaoyi city's external transportation.
Xiaoyi to Wucheng, Fenyang to Jiexiu and other trunk roads pass through the city. In addition, there are many county-level and township roads connecting all towns in the city. Located in the center of the ancient city of Zhongyang County, Zhongyang building is a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit, which enjoys a high reputation since ancient times. It got its name because Xiaoyi was under the jurisdiction of Zhongyang County at that time. Xiaoyi production of "lamb wine", white color, like the color of lamb hair, hence the name. Xiaoyi is one of the main producing areas of "Fenzhou walnut". It is characterized by beautiful fruit shape, large fruit, thin skin and thick meat. The kernel yield is as high as 52% and the oil content is as high as 70%. It is a large export material of the city and is sold at home and abroad. Xiaoyi City Dongxu, Gaoyang, dui Town, Baibiguan and other towns are rich in persimmons, which sell well both inside and outside the province.
Xinghualing district is an urban-rural integration new district established after the administrative region adjustment of Taiyuan city approved by the State Council. It was officially established on New Year's day in 1998. Xinghualing district is the political center of Taiyuan, the capital of Shanxi Province. There are coal, gypsum, refractory clay, bauxite and other minerals in the area. There are more than 300 streets and more than 20 bus and tram lines in the area. There are more than 20 large department stores and vegetable markets as well as a number of national supermarkets.
Xinghualing is a small well-known street in Taiyuan. For sports lovers, it is the largest sports center in Taiyuan since the founding of the people's Republic of China, and also the Pearl in their mind. However, today's Xinghualing has neither apricot trees nor apricot flowers, nor the potential of slope ridge. Why is this? Originally, Xinghualing was not a street or a street name, but the name of a garden garden. It was born five or six hundred years ago in the Ming and Jin Dynasties. At that time, Xinghualing was indeed a place with hills and slopes, where apricot trees were planted all over the place. It and the adjacent songhuapo, also known as the pine garden, complement each other for fun, can be called the most gardens in Taiyuan city.
The places of historic interest and scenic beauty in Xinghualing District include: Town God's Temple, Bell Tower and Drum Tower, baling bridge Guan Yu Temple, the mountain of Meishan (Hill), Wu Fu nun, dragon horn hill, and arch ruins. There are the former sites of Chengcheng middle school, where the northern Bureau of the Communist Party of China and the office of the Eighth Route Army were located during the Anti Japanese War, the birthplace of the Shanxi provincial League, the former sites of the National Normal University, where Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Xu Qianqian, Bo Yibo and other revolutionaries of the older generation were engaged in revolutionary activities, and the Taiyuan liberation Memorial Hall and marshal Xu Qianqian memorial hall built after liberation.
At present, the place where we are is Xuankong Temple. The characteristics of the whole Xuankong Temple can be summarized in three words, that is, "strange, dangerous and clever".
In Xuankong Temple, we will find that there are many statues in Xuankong Temple, but three of them are the most precious. The reason why they are noble is that their molding art is very unique, and they are made by the process of yarn stripping. It is 50cm high and weighs only 3kg. It is the lightest and most valuable statue in the temple.
Then the second and third part of Xuankong Temple is the real suspension. The wooden pillars outside give people the feeling that they support the whole temple by more than a dozen wooden pillars. In fact, most of those wooden pillars are not load-bearing. We can see that the plank road connects each part. There are some beams under the plank road. These beams are ed into the rock. During the construction, the rock is chiseled out of the small belly large stone cave, and the tapered wooden wedge is placed inside, Make the crossbeam into a scissor shape and smash it with a strong force. The greater the force on the outside, the tighter the bite on the inside. They press the force on the rock.
As we all know, Hengshan has always been a place for military strategists, so the rulers of each dynasty have their own religion to worship, and the three religions hall is a collection of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, which will be protected in any dynasty. This is also a political reason why Xuankong Temple will not be destroyed for thousands of years.
Now let me show you around the hanging temple.
Yangqu county is located in the middle of Shanxi Province, between Xinding basin and Taiyuan Basin, 23 kilometers away from Biancheng Taiyuan in the south, Xinzhou City in the north, Yu county and Shouyang County in the East, jingle county and Gujiao City in the West. The county governs 4 towns, 11 townships, 245 village committees and 424 natural villages, with a total area of 2060 square kilometers and a total population of 140000. Yangqu county was built in the Western Han Dynasty, because "the river (Hutuo River) a thousand li song, song when its Yang" and named.
In 982 ad, Yangqu was no longer the place of Shanxi Province and Taiyuan government, so it was called "the first city of Shanxi" in history. There are plenty of resources. It has 500000 mu of cultivated land, 108 mu of Mu Po, and 10000 mu of demonstration grassland in Yangqu County, one of the six major artificial grasslands in China. The forest area is 1.595 million mu, the groundwater resources are abundant, the water quality is excellent, and the comprehensive development prospect of land, agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry is broad. Underground reserves of dolomite, limestone, hematite, granite, gypsum, bauxite, quartzite, quartz sand, potash feldspar, coal and other minerals, large reserves, very rich mining value.
Rich in specialty. Yangqu county has a warm continental climate with four distinct seasons and large temperature difference between day and night. Its main agricultural products are corn, millet, sunflower beans, yam eggs and oil. In recent years, the county has vigorously implemented "two high and one excellent" agriculture, with dry farming and grain output exceeding 100 million Jin in successive years. Millet is famous for its high quality and large quantity, with an annual output of more than 15 million jin. In addition, it is also rich in apple, pear, pepper, walnut, Kernel Apricot and other dry and fresh fruits and pollution-free vegetables, with an annual output of more than 60 million jin. The second sterilization milk has filled the blank of Shanxi Province and sold well in the provincial market. Wild plant resources such as Prunus armeniaca, Prunus davidiana, Scutellaria baicalensis, Bupleurum chinense, Rhizoma rehmanniae, Zizyphus jujuba, mushroom, Auricularia auricula, wild vegetables are rich, which have high nutritional and medicinal value. The infrastructure is perfect, and the water, electricity, gas and heating facilities are complete.
The transportation is developed and the system is complete. The 108 National birthday, Dayun highway, Yuantai highway and beitongbo railway run through the north and south. The Yuyang highway runs through the industrial east and west of the county. The towns and villages are connected with oil roads and the villages are connected with highways. For five consecutive years, it has won the title of "advanced county of compulsory road construction" of the province and the city. Power facilities are complete, North China Power Grid runs through the county, with a 110000V substation, network power facilities are complete. The communication system is advanced, and 7000 program-controlled telephones, mobile phones and faxes have been opened, which can be directly connected at home and abroad.
Education, culture, tourism, medical treatment, radio and television and other public undertakings have developed rapidly. The provincial NITUN spark technology intensive zone, Huangzhai comprehensive industrial zone, Gaocun building materials Industrial Zone, donghuangshui and lingjingdian agricultural products processing zone have taken shape. Metal smelting and processing, building materials, agricultural and sideline products, coal and coke have developed rapidly and become the four leading industries. The market share of Sanneng metallurgical coke, enameled wire, magnesium metal, cement, copper, aluminum and other products has continuously increased. With the implementation of a number of key industrial projects, it has effectively driven the development of Xiangyang industry and injected new vitality into the steady development of Yangqu county economy. In recent years, with the joint efforts of successive county Party committees, county governments and the people of the whole county, the county's economic and social undertakings have shown a sustained, rapid and healthy momentum.
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