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无论是国内的朋友还是国外友人来到满洲里,热情好客的边城人都会介绍他来国门看一看,因为雄伟壮观的国门是伟大祖国的象征,也是边城人民的骄傲。人们常说不到长城非好汉,而来到满洲里不来国门看一看,也会成为您的一大遗憾。这里没有故宫博物院的磅礴气势,也没有桂林山水的旖旎风光,您更多感受到的是一种庄严神圣的美。尤为重要的是,2005年满洲里红色国际秘密交通线教育基地被列入100个全国红色旅游经典景区。在满洲里市爱国主义教育基地的7个景点中,就有3个在国门景区里,这里为您展现了上个世纪二、三十年代我党早期领导人为新中国解放英勇斗争的恢宏历史画卷。国门景区的魅力不仅存在于它的建筑,更重要的是它见证了满洲里建市百年的发展进程,她在默默诉说的一段段历史和一个个生动的故事,一定能令您回味无穷。
国门景区占地面积13平方公里,包括41号界碑、国门、红色国际秘密交通线遗址、和平之门主体雕塑和满洲里历史浮雕、红色旅游展厅、火车头广场等景点。
LadyandGenlenmen:
WelcometoHunLunbeierGrassland!Firstofall,I’dliketotellyouwhypeoplecallthisbdautifulgrasslandHulunbeiergrassland.Thereisamovinglegendbehindit.Along,longtimeagotherelivedacoupleofloversonthegrassland.ThegirlwasaHulun.TheboywasBeiEr.OnedayademonchiefcalledMangGusiabductedHuLunanddriedupthegrassland.Thegrasswitheredandyellowedanddomesticanimalsdiedoneafteranother.InordertosavethegrasslandandHuLun,BeiErtravedagreatdistanceonfoot,chasingafterMangGasidayandnight.Finally,hefaintedfromexhaustion.Inhisweakenedstate,hedreamtthatthedemonchiefhadmagicallyturnedHuLu,BeiErtraveledagreatdistanceonfoot,chasingafterMangGasidayandnight.Finally,hefaintedfromexhaustion.Inhisweakenedstate,hedreamtthatthedemonchiefhadmagicallyturnedHuLunintoaflowerwhichwasandsufferingfromthewindydreaminfrontofhim.Heimmediatelywateredtheflowerandbrokethespell.HuLunchangedbackintoherformerself.Butthedemonchiefwouldnotgiveup.Heimmediatelywateredtheflowerandbrokethespell.HuLunchangedbackintoherformerself.Butthedemonchiefwouldnotgiveup.HeseizedHuLunandtookherawayagain.HuLunrackedherbrainforawaytoescape.Shesucceededingettingholdofthemagicpearlonthedemonchief`shead.OnswallowingthepearlHuLunturnedintoalake.InthemeantimeBeiErhadkilledalloftheotherdemons,butfailedtofindHuLun.Heartbroken,BeiErjumpedintoalaketokillhimself.Allofasuddentheearthsplitopenandformedtwolakes,HuLunlakeandBeiErLake,withtheWilsonRivercloselyconnectingthem.Later,peoplelivingonthegrasslandnamedthelandhulunbeierGrasslandinmomoryofthem.HuLunbeiercoversanareaof250.557squarekilometers,withatotelpopulationof2.66million.TheMongoliannatialityisthedominantethicgroup,and35othernationlities,suchasDawoer,Ewenke,Elunchun,Han,Manchu,Russian,etc.liveinharmonywiththemonthegrassland.Hunlunbeieriscalled“greenandcleanland”becauseitisrelativelyfreeofpollution.(Steppingoutoftheyurt)
Undertheblueskyandwhiteclouds,youwillseeavividpictureofflocksofsheepandherdsofcattle,gallopinghorsesandskillfulherdsenonhorsebackbrandishinghorsewhips.Doyouwanttogoforaride?Ifyouareskilledatriding,whynotrideaMongolianhorseforawhileorwanderaboutoncamelback?Ifyouareafraidofridinghorsesorcamels,nevermind.YoustillcanenjoythenomandiclifebytakingaspecialMongolianvehiclecalleda“Lele”.(BriefingonthephysiqueofMongolians)
Nowyouhavehadalookatthegrasslandwithyourowneyes,butdidyounoticedthattheMongoliangirlsaregraceful,elegantandvigorous,andtheyoungfellowarerobust,heroicandmuscular?Itissaidthatthishasmuchtodowiththeirlifestyleswhichareconnectedwithhorsesports,runningandpursuing.Further,theimportantroleplayedbymilkteaandmilkproductsindevelopingtheirmusclesandbonescanotbeunderestimated.(BriefingonthedietaryhabitofMongolians)
Let`sstartwithmilktea,Thehostmincestheteaandputitinakettletoboilit.Whenthekettlestartsboilingwithagurglingsound,thehostpoursthefreshmilkintoit.Thustheherdsmancominginfromasnowstormwillwarmupimmediatelyafterhavingsuchacupofmilktea.Abowlofmilktea,stir-friedrice,severalpieceofadrymilkproductandsomelambisregardedasadeliciousmealbytheordinaryMongolianherdsman.Milkproductsincludetheskinofboiledmilk,milkcurd,milkwine,cheese,butterandsoon.Theformalmealmaybeservedwithmeatandaflour-baseproduct.Whileyouarehereonthegrassland,itwillbeagreatpityifyoudonottry“ShoubaLamb”(boilmeatwhichiseatenusingaknifeandyourhands).Thelambisfirstcutintobigslicesandthenputintoboilingwatertocook.Whenitishalfdone,youcutitintosmallerpieceswiththeMongolianknifeandeatit.TheMongolianpeoplethinkthathalf-donemeatcontainsmorenutrients.(BriefingonMongolianclothing)
TheMongolianrobeisuniquetothisethnicgroup.Therobeisoftenmatchedwithabeltandheaddecorations.Withitshighcollarandlongsleeves,therobeprotectspeoplefrommosquitoes.Themiddlepartoftherobeismadeloosefortheconvenienceofridinghorsesandislongenoughtokeepthekneeswarm.Youcanfindallkindsofclothesheretoday,buttherobeistheculturalheritageoftheMongoliansandhasbecomeasymboloftheirnationalconscienceandidentity.(BriefingonMongolianyurta)
Youcanseemongolianyurtahereandthereongrassland.Butdoyouknowthehistoryandstructureofthemongolianyurta?AccordingtothehistoricalrecordsoftheXiongnu,anancientethnicgroup,theirancestorslivedintheNorthlandlongago.Theirlivingquarterswerecalledyurta.InthissenseMongolians,asaethnicgroup,candateto4,000yearsago.SotheMongolianyurtaareasymbolofthehistoryofthisethnicgroup.Nowlet`stalkabouttheconstructionofayurtareasymbolofthehistoryofthisethnicgroup,Nowlet`stalkabouttheconstructionofayurt.Herdsmenfirstbuildaroundfoundationwithpiecesofstones,Thentheysetupthestructurewithwoddenwodsandbeamslinkedtogetherwithwollenorfurropes,Lastly,theycoverthestructurewithanimalskinsorfeltblankets.Theceilingoftheyurtisround.Withsuchastructure,theyurtcanwithstandsnowstormsandheavyrainfalls.Thedooroftheyurtissmallanddowntotheground.Theyurtcanbeeasilymovedandthisissuitablefornomadiclife.Thisaccountsforthereasonwhythestructureoftheyurtremainsunchangedtilltoday.IftheMongolianyurtisseenasthehomeoftheherdsmen,thenthe“lele”cartscanbeviewedastheirmobilehomes.“lele”cartsmoveslowlywithbignoise.Itishardtotellwhenthehistoryof“lele”cartsbegan.Allthecartsaremadeofbirch,sotheywillreainingoodconditioneveninwetweather.Thewheelsofthecartsaretallandcaneasilyrollacrosstheunevenroads,lushbushes,thicksnowandmarshes.“lele”cartsareindispensableforherdsmenwhentheymovecrosssnow-coveredareas.(BriefingonMongolianfestivals)
TherearealotofMogolianfestivalsheldeveryyearonthegrassland,butthemostfamousoneisNadam,thecarnivalthegrassland.”Nadam”intheMongolianlanguagemeansrecreationorentertainment.Whenitcomes,therewillbealotofperformances,suchashorseracing,wrestling,archeryandsomeotherspecialethnicperformances.TheNadamfairisatime-honoredfestivalandwasknownworldwidefor700years,NowadaystheNadamfairisoftenheldduringtheharvestseasonofthegrassland,eitherinJuneorJuly.Duringthatperiod,herdsmenoftentaketheopportunitytoselldomesticanimalsandlivestockproductsandpurchassedailynecessiltiesandlivelihood-relatedgoods.Acturally,theherdsmenhavefewchancestogettogetheronsuchavastgrassland,soNadamalsoplaystheroleofabigtradefairforthem,WhenwetalkaboutNadam,weshouldalsotalkaboutofferingsacrificeat“Aobao”.”Aobao”inMogolianmeansapileofrocksorearth.Onthevastandendlessgrassland,itishardtotelldirections,sopeoplethoughtofpillingrocksorearthtomarkthem,InitslonghistoricaldevelopmentAobaohasbecometheshrinetoofferscrificestotheGodoftheMountainandtheGodoftheRoad.Duringthesacrifice–offeringceremony,peopleinserttreebranchesintotheAobaoandputpiecesofcolorfulclothorpaperflagswithwrittenscriptureonthebranchesTherearefourtypesofmemorialceremonies,namelyblood,wine,fireandjade.Nomatterwhattypeitis,alamawillbeinvitedtobutnincenses,chantscripturesandprayfortheblessingofthepeopleandtheirlivestock.participantswillwalkaroundtheAobaoclockwisethreetimes.Aftertheceremony,theherdmenwillnotonlyenjoyhorseraces,wrestlingandarchery,butalsosinging,dancinganddrinkingtotheirheart`scontent.Aroundthattime,youngloverswillprobablyleavethecrowdtobeinaworldoftheirown.Dear,distinguishedguests,afterthistourofthisgrasslandIbelieveyoumusthaveageneralideaofhowtheMongolianpelplelivehereandmayeenfeelreluctanttoleavethebeautifulhulunbeierGrassland.Ibelivethegrasslandanditspeopleenjoyedyourvisitasmuchasyoudidandlookforwardtoyournextone.LadiesandGentlemen,Ihopetohaveanotherchancetomeetyouagainonthisveryland,theHulunbeierGrassland.Goodbyeandgoodluck.
各位游客:
大家好!
我叫钱心妤,今天我将带大家到内蒙古领略一番那里的独特风光和民风民俗。一会我们到了景区呢,大家就可以体验一下蒙古族的下马酒,参观一下蒙古包,品尝一下蒙古的美食。请大家在旅途中注意安全,不要乱丢垃圾,大家跟我来。
有朋自远方来,不亦乐乎。呼伦贝尔人欢迎宾客都必用美酒相待,以表达自己好客的心情。据说,下马酒是从成吉思汗时代传下来的。其饮法是:首先用左手端乘酒银碗,用右手无名指蘸酒弹向天空,称为“敬天”;然后用右手无名指蘸酒弹向地面,称为“敬地”;再用右手无名指蘸酒向前方平弹,称为“敬祖先”;最后双手端碗,一饮而尽,当然如果你实在不胜酒力,也可用唇抿一下再交还到主人的手中。意为“苍天永安、大地永安、人生永安快乐”之意。大家要记住这些步骤,不要失了礼貌。好,我们就要到目的地了。
到草原了,这几位朋友就是蒙古居民。你们也看到了,这些圆形房屋就是蒙古包,也叫毡房。蒙古包建筑奇特、明快,既实用又美观。草原辽阔,风雪大,圆形蒙古包阻风力小,包顶不积雪;由于逐水草而居,经常迁徙,蒙古包拆、搭方便,省时省力。
跟我来,我们一起进入蒙古包。大家或许对蒙古人的服饰感兴趣,我来介绍一下。服装大体分为首饰、长袍、腰带和靴子四个部分。妇女头上的装饰多用玛瑙、珍珠、宝石、金银制成。男子冬季多戴尖顶大耳的羊皮帽,夏日多戴前进帽或礼帽。蒙古族男女老少都喜欢穿长袍,穿长袍时腰带是必备的,靴子尖稍向上翘起。
现在,我们不要辜负了蒙古好友的一番好意,来品尝品尝草原的美食。蒙古主要饮食有烤羊腿、手抓羊肉、奶菜、哈达饼、肉干、马奶酒等等。来说说手抓羊肉,相传它有近千年的历史,原以手抓食用而得名。吃法有三种,即热吃、冷吃、煎吃。特点是肉味鲜美,不腻不膻、色香俱全。大家慢慢品尝。
地下交通线遗迹。早在20世纪20年代至1937年,这里曾建有中国共产党与共产国际、苏联共产党联系的国际交通线。由于有了这条地下国际交通线,使满洲里在国际共产主义运动和中国革命的历史上留下了光辉的一页。共产国际和中国共产党充分利用满洲里地区反动力量相对薄弱、交通方便、距苏联较近等优势,相继在这里建立了地下交通站,掩护共产党人从满洲里进出中苏两国国境。我党早期的领导人周恩来、瞿秋白、李立三,罗章龙、伍修权等革命党人都是通过秘密交通线的掩护,前往苏联和回国的。
据统计,在1931年至1934年5月间,安全迎送70多名同志出入国境。革命先驱们途经这里,从前苏联捧回了革命圣火,成立了中国共产党。而且中共六大在莫斯科召开时,前去参加会议的代表都是从这里通过的。
满洲里“中苏会谈会晤室”建于1974年,它的前身是“中华人民共和国满洲里边境地区会谈会晤室”。建筑面积486平方米,是中苏两国军方就涉及两国边境地区出现相关事宜时进行对话、交涉、通报和友好交往的场所,但早已停用。这是2004年经修缮后建成的展馆,展馆包括中苏会谈会晤室、国门历史展厅、红色交通线展厅、满洲里历史名人长廊、旧时满洲里建设展厅和双拥成就展厅等,较为系统地展示了满洲里在中国革命史上浓重的一笔。
满洲里市曾经四次获得全国双拥模范城市的荣誉称号。1998年时任沈阳空军司令部司令员刘顺尧同志来满洲里检查雷达部队工作,同时走访了满洲里市委、市政府,对满洲里市委、市政府多年来给予驻满雷达部队的支持和帮助表示感谢。当他了解到满洲里市的光荣历史时,便赠送了这架退役的歼六战斗机。为什么要送这架战斗机呢?那是在1950年,全国人民发出“抗美援朝、保家卫国”的号召,满洲里市人民也同全国人民一样,团结一心,众志成城,不仅以冲天的干劲把社会主义国家支援朝鲜战场的军用物资用这里的铁路线迅速换装运往前线,而且全市人民热情高涨,为抗美援朝自发捐款买了一架飞机,就正是这架歼六战斗机。这架飞机是满洲里市各族人民爱国热情的证明。所以刘顺尧同志得知情况,就把这架有着特殊意义的飞机赠送给满洲里。
内蒙古-呼伦贝尔草原英文导游词
Lady and Genlenmen:Welcome to HunLunbeier Grassland! First of all, I'd like to tell you why People call this bdautiful grassland Hulunbeier grassland. There is a moving legend behind it. A long, long time ago there lived a couple of lovers on the grassland. The girl was a Hu lun. The boy was Bei Er. One day a demon chief called Mang Gusi abducted HuLun and dried up the grassland. The grass withered and yellowed and domestic animals died one after another.In order to save the grassland and Hu Lun, BeiEr traved a great distance on foot, chasing after Mang Gasi day and night. Finally, he fainted from exhaustion. In his weakened state, he dreamt that the demon chief had magically turned Hu Lu,Bei Er traveled a great distance on foot, chasing after Mang Gasi day and night. Finally, he fainted from exhaustion.In his weakened state, he dreamt that the demon chief had magically turned Hu Lun into a flower which was and suffering from the windy dream in front of him. He immediately watered the flower and broke the spell. Hu Lun changed back into her former self. But the demon chief would not give up. He immediately watered the flower and broke the spell. Hu Lun changed back in to her former self. But the demon chief would not give up. He seized Hu Lun and took her away again. Hu Lun racked her brain for a way to escape. She succeeded in getting hold of the magic pearl on the demon chief`s head. On swallowing the pearl Hu Lun turned into a lake. In the meantime BeiEr had killed all of the other demons, but failed to find Hu Lun. Heartbroken, Bei Er jumped in to a lake to kill himself.All of a sudden the earth split open and formed two lakes, Hu Lun lake and Bei Er Lake, with the Wilson River closely connecting them. Later,people living on the grassland named the land hulunbeier Grassland in momory of them.
HuLunbeier covers an area of 250.557 square kilometers,with a totel population of 2.66 million. The Mongolian natiality is the dominant ethic group, and 35 other nationlities,such as Dawoer, Ewenke, Elunchun, Han, Manchu, Russian, etc. live in harmony with them on the grassland. Hunlunbeier is called “green and clean land” because it is relatively free of pollution.
(Entering the grassland)
Now we're setting foot on Hunlunbeier Grassland. All of us have escaped from the city and its clamour and entered a place like a dreamland,Look! The grassland looks like asoft, green cerpet, Nowyou can enjoy the beautiful scenery in the distance; numeros kinds of wild flowers are in bloom, and wisps of smoke are rising continuously from the yurta scattered on the grassland. When the gentle breeze brushes against the grass, herds of horses and cattle and flock of sheep seem to be drifting from here ro there. What a beautiful picture!
(Visiting a yurt)
This is the yurt we saw from the bus just now. Look!The host and his family have come out of the to greet us. Of couse, this is not an arranged reception, to be sure. But before we enter the yurt, I'dlike to make a brief introduction on the folk costoms here. No matter which yurt you happen to visit, you will finethat on hesring your footsteps the Mongolian people will extend a warm welcome outsite the yurt, to do justice to their reputed hospitality. When greeting you, they will put their hands against their chests and bow slightly. With a “how do you do,” They invite their guestsin. Male guests are invited to sit on the left and female on the right, while host sits in midle. The moment you take your seats, your host will have milk tea and various kinds of milk products pleaced in front of you. After a white, you will most probably probabyly be asked to help yourself to a special course called “shouba lamd.” As a way of showing respct to his distinguished guest, your hast will prsent you with a “hada”( a piece of silk used as a greeting gift), Together with a cup of lacal wine. Mongolians are well known for theirtalent in singing and dancing.Their beautiful songs are as entertaining and pleasant as the blue sky, white clouds, greengrass and fresh flowers, In folk culture, there is a saying that a feast is not a true feast without the company of songs. Every person in the grassland, man or woman, old or young, can sing folk songs. When proposing toasts to their guests, they will show their hospitality by singing folksongs and playing special fiddles. The Mongolian people have lived on the vast grassland for a long time, and they have refined their talent for sing and dancing. You can not only please your eyes with their traditional ethnic dancing but also with their mondern ones featuring merry rhythms and vigorous steps.Now let`s enter the yurt and take advantage of this opportunity to be guests in a Mongolian herdsman`s home.
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