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Good morning, everyone. Welcome to Quanzhou, a famous historical andcultural city_ A tour guide in a travel agency_ Our driver's surname is Yang. Heis a very experienced driver. He can make the motor ring as soon as the key isinserted and the wheels move safely. Today, we are going to visit Kaiyuan Templein Quanzhou. We are here for one hour. Please get on the bus at 11:00. Pleaseget off with me, close the window and take care of your valuables,
Today we are in Quanzhou, a city with 20 cities_ Quanzhou, a famouscultural city with many years of history, is known as the "Museum of WorldReligions". Here, Taoism, Islam, Confucianism, Buddhism, Buddhism, Taoism,Islam, Taoism, Islam, Taoism, Islam, Taoism, Islam, Taoism, Taoism, Islam,Taoism, Islam, Taoism, Islam, Taoism, Islam, Taoism, Islam, Taoism, Islam,Taoism_ The peaceful coexistence of Buddhism also reflects the tolerance andbroad mind of Quanzhou people. The Kaiyuan Temple we are visiting today is oneof the most outstanding and representative ancient temples of the millennium.The East-West tower of Kaiyuan Temple is the symbol of the ancient city ofQuanzhou. We Quanzhou people often say: stand like the East-West tower and lielike Luoyang Bridge. It can be seen that the East and West towers play animportant role in the minds of Quanzhou people.
Kaiyuan Temple was built in 686 A.D. in the second year of Tang Dynasty. Ithas a history of more than 1300 years and covers an area of 7.8 square meters.It is one of the largest temples in Fujian Province. Well, members of the grouphave come to Kaiyuan Temple. Here I want to ask you, look at the two towers froma distance, and guess what they are made of. Ah! Just now, someone said thatthey are made of wood, brick and copper. Let's go to the nearest place and havea look. Ah! Everyone runs to touch them. You should know the answer. Yes, theyare made of stone It's very similar to wood. This tower is made of imitationwood structure, especially the imitation wood bucket arch structure withgranite, which is the most authoritative achievement. This pair of sister towersis also the largest existing stone tower of Song Dynasty in China. It is alsothe symbol of Quanzhou ancient city. He is an old man who has experienced windand rain. At first, the two towers were wooden towers. Later, they weredestroyed by fire. Later, they were made of bricks. Finally, they were rebuiltinto the current five storey stone tower. After more than 740 years of wind,rain, lightning and even the 8-magnitude earthquake, the East and West towersare still towering and can be called the top stone towers. The "Zhenguo tower"in the East Tower is more than 48 meters high, while the "Renshou tower" in theWest Tower is more than 45 meters high. At that time, the craftsmen built theEast Tower and the West Tower, especially the East Tower, with life sizeBuddhist figures carved on the eight walls of each floor. On the surface, thesolemnity of Buddhism. Look at the relief of the characters in the East Tower.Their facial expressions, hairstyles, costumes, weapons and gestures are sovivid. There are dozens of patterns on the tapers of their clothes. If they arenot familiar with life, they can't be designed by imagination. You can take acloser look at the pagoda. We can see the relief sculptures of Bodhisattvas,eminent monks, Arhats, generals, and Vajra. Today, I would like to introduce toyou the 16 dwarfs on the corner of xumizuo in the East and West pagodas that donot attract our attention They are often slaved as coolies by high-rankingofficials. In ancient Chinese architecture, a short column is often erectedbetween two beams as a support. Because it is short and thick, it is called"dwarf column". In the book "building the French style", this importantcomponent of the building is also called the pygmy column. In the art ofBuddhist statues, the powerful man carrying xumizuo is often portrayed as adwarf. The earliest can be traced back to the sangqi Pagoda in Madhya Pradesh,India. On the pagoda, there is a relief of "Asoka saluting Buddha". In thepicture, Asoka, surrounded by court maids, comes down from the kneelingelephant's back and is ready to go to the society to worship Sakyamuni zuduslope. He takes the creeping dwarf as a step, so the dwarf lifts the load, whichhas become a common form in Buddhist architecture and statue art Elephant. Thereare 16 dwarfs in xumizuo of Quanzhou East West pagoda, each of which is only 30cm high, using the technique of deep relief. These dwarfs, as you can see, areall squat, bare chested and protruding bellies. They use their bodies as pillarsand make the posture of shrugging their shoulders, arching their backs andsupporting the huge tower; Some of them are wearing sleeveless shirts, some ofthem are sliding under their navel, some of them are kneeling on one knee, someof them are half squatting and half rising, some of them are holding their kneesup with both hands, some of them are closing their sides, some of them areholding their breath, some of them are showing their teeth, some of them aremaking faces, and some of them are full of bitterness. They all work hard andcan't bear the weight. Every tower has a dwarf who whistles his thumb and indexfinger in his mouth He seems to be a leader, directing everyone to worktogether. These lifeless stone dwarfs are pitiful and heartbreaking. They aremore artistic and profound than the relief of figures on the pagoda and therelief of Buddhist biography of xumizuo. The dwarfs in xumizuo, East and Westpagodas of Quanzhou, can be regarded as the portrayal of the society at thattime, truly expressing the Dwarfs' sufferings. Quanzhou East and West pagodascreated the plastic arts of the Song Dynasty. We can also see the scientific andtechnological level of the Southern Song Dynasty from the twin pagodas. Inrecent years, the East pagoda has been selected as China's "four pagodas" stampissue. From the layout point of view, the East and West pagodas are part of theKaiyuan Temple complex. From the perspective of the pagoda itself, they are alsoindependent buildings. Maybe it can be said that Kaiyuan Temple is like a pot ofgood tea, which needs to be tasted slowly and tasted carefully. It has its ownendless charm in mind.
OK, everyone, after seeing the East West Tower, now we have 15 minutes totake photos. After 15 minutes, we will continue to visit Kaiyuan Temple. Thankyou!