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Wuhou Temple is a memorial hall for Zhuge Liang, the Prime Minister of ShuHan in the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang was granted the title of Marquis ofWuxiang before he died. After he died, he was named as Marquis of Wuxiang.
Wuhou Temple in Chengdu is the only temple in China where monarchs andministers are worshipped together. It was built in 223 AD and Liu Bei was buriedin Huiling. According to the Han system, there must be a temple beside themausoleum, so after Liu Bei was buried in Huiling, the original temple for LiuBei was built by the Shu Han Dynasty at that time. (the original temple is thetemple for worshiping the emperor beside the mausoleum of the emperor. In Tangand Song Dynasties, people generally called Liu Bei's original temple the formermaster temple. )(because there are three main buildings in Chengdu Wuhou Temple,two of which have appeared after Liu Bei's death, so Liu Bei's burial in Huilingis the beginning of Chengdu Wuhou Temple. )In the northern and SouthernDynasties, people built Wuhou Temple not far from Huiling and Xianzhu temple. Inthe Tang and Song Dynasties, Wuhou Temple had become a famous historic site andtourist attraction. Du Fu left a description of "where to find the ancestralhall of prime minister, where to find the cypress outside Jinguan city". In theMing Dynasty, Zhu Chun, the king of Shu, thought that "the monarch and theminister should be integrated", so he combined the Wuhou Temple with the formermaster's temple, which was called "Han zhaolie Temple". In the late Ming Dynastyand the early Qing Dynasty, the temple was destroyed by war. The Wuhou Temple wesee today was rebuilt on the old site in the 11th year of Kangxi (1672A.D.).
Although the government has always called it the "Han zhaolie Temple", aplaque of "Han zhaolie Temple" is also hung at the gate. But people are stillused to call it Wuhou Temple. Why? In a poem written by Zou Lu during the periodof the Republic of China, the reason is explained: "the great book on the gate,zhaolie temple, is the temple of marquis Wu. The reason is that the primeminister has made great achievements in the past. In other words, because of hisgreat historical achievements, Zhuge Liang has more prestige in the hearts ofthe people than Liu Bei, so people can't care about the etiquette of the monarchand his ministers.
From the brief introduction to the left side of the gate and the schematicplan, we can see that the temple of marquis Wu is hidden in the dense greencypresses. The hall sits in the north and south, and is arranged on a centralaxis. It has five layers: the gate, the second gate, the hall of Liu Bei, thehall of passage, and the hall of Zhuge Liang. On the west side is the mausoleumof Liu Bei Huiling. There are 47 clay statues of historical figures of Shu Hanin Qing Dynasty, more than 50 steles, more than 60 plaques and couplets, andmore than 10 tripods, stoves, bells and drums. Therefore, to be exact, WuhouTemple should be called the memorial hall of Shu Han monarchs and ministers. Itis a museum for the study of Shu Han history.
地处青海湖的西北部,长约500米,宽约150米,栖息着十万余只各类候鸟,称誉为"鸟的世界,鸟的王国"。青海湖位于西宁市以西100公里,是我国海拔最高、面积最大的内陆咸水湖。
每年四月,来自我国南方和东南亚等地的班头雁、棕头鸥、赤麻鸭、鸬鹚等十多种侯鸟在这里繁衍生息;秋天,它们又携儿带女飞回南方,国家对这类鸟资源十分重视,在岛上设有专门的保护机构。
在鸟岛观光,交通方便,从西宁出发乘汽车沿青海湖南线经湟源县和日月山到黑马河镇往北64公里即抵鸟岛,沿青海湖北线,乘汽车经湟源县、海晏县到刚察县,再往西40公里也可到达鸟岛。
青海湖鸟岛。它不仅以辽阔、明媚、恬静、雄伟、神奇而著称于世,而且以其丰富的水中矿产资源和渔类资源吸引着无数科技工作者和观光浏览的人们。可泛舟湖面观一望无际的湖景,也可漫游草原享受大自然的风光。
青海湖鸟岛, 是我国著名的旅游圣地之一,它位于青海省西宁市西部约130公里处,是我国最大、海拔最高的咸水湖,面积约4583平方公里。
乘中巴出西宁西行,越过稀疏的村庄,沿着透迄、清澈东流的小溪,行进在绿色丛林点缀的山谷间的公路上。不久,便看到像巨大的绿绒绒的地毯铺就般的一座座开阔的山漫草坂。驱车爬高到达"日月山",可见两侧山顶各有一幢亮丽的小亭阁,左为日亭,右为月亭。相传文成公主由此进藏时,由于思念母亲,悲痛地将陪嫁的镜子摔碎,后人为纪念文成公主,故建造此日、月二亭。登上日月山,眺望远处,更为开阔的绿色草坂尽收眼底,仿佛进入了绿色的海洋。
下了日月山,继续西行,偶有一片金黄色的油菜花地或几间藏民彩帐,房屋镶在绿色草坂之间,在山坡、屋前竖起的高杆上,五彩经幡随风飘拂。经幡又叫神幡,藏语曰"塔力俏",意为"不停地飘动",这些幡条是用蓝、白、红、黄、绿五种颜色的布 条做的(有的幡条上还印有经文或神像),分别象征天空、祥云、火焰、大地和水。藏民把经幡高悬在显眼要位,任风吹拂,借助大自然的威力保佑人们消灾祈福、吉祥如意。或远或近,可见一群群黑色的牦牛,白色的羊儿,在安然自得地吃着青草。过了黑马河乡右看,紧依绿色草坂可见一线青绿色的湖水和海心山,蓝色的天空飘着千姿百态的云团,大自然把自己分割成美丽的空间,绘成一幅极美的图画。
到了马乃亥乡,右边已是宽阔、平静的青海湖了。这里是鸟岛的入口处――布哈河入湖口。鸟岛有左右两个,鸟自按类别分开,左黑右白,互不混杂。从入口处乘车向前行约3公里下车,进入"青海湖鸟岛"。
大门再步行约200米,登上"鸟岛"观鸟台,只见台下的沙滩上黑头、灰白身子的银鸥铺天盖地,它们或卧或立,或飞或落,令人眼花了乱;喧闹的"哇哇"声贯入满耳。在台近处,成百只大雁卧沙孵卵,它们的"丈夫"们分别呵 护着自己的妻儿,守卫着自己的家,一旦发现"入侵者"进犯,立即张开翅膀,高声鸣叫,冲向"敌人",将其驱走。鸟儿们以沙作窝,抓紧阳光充足,食物丰富的大好时机栖息养生,繁衍后代。在鸟群稀疏的空隙里会看到一枚枚散在的鸟蛋"无人问津"。
空中,不时有列队的大雁或鸿鹅贴着湖面飞过,偶而有天鹅或信天翁自由自在地翱翔。
从"青海湖鸟岛"大门出来乘车向左行约1公里,翻过一座小山,便会看到坐落于湖边的又一个鸟岛,它像一口倒扣于湖中的圆锅,顶部栖满了清一色黑压压的鸬鹚,每个鸬鹚的"家"都安在一个高高的窠里,层层叠叠,把个山顶布得严严实实。它们在这里为生儿育女忙忙碌碌,直到儿女们能展翅高飞时,便神话般地"乔迁新居"了。
青海湖,是我国第一大内陆湖泊,也是我国最大的咸水湖。它浩瀚缥缈,波涛壮阔,是大自然赐与青海高原的一面宏大的宝镜。
青海湖,古代称为“西海”,又称“鲜水”或“鲜海”。藏语叫做“错温波”,意思是“青色的湖”;蒙古语称它为“库库诺尔”,即“蓝色的海洋”。由于青海湖一带早先属于卑禾族的牧地,所以又叫“卑禾羌海”,汉代也有人称它为“仙海”。从北魏起才更名为“青海”。
青海湖面积达4456平方公里,环湖周长360多公里,比著名的太湖大一倍还要多。湖面东西长,南北窄,略呈椭圆形。乍看上去,象一片肥大的白杨树叶。青海湖程度均深约19米多,最大水深为28米,蓄水量达1050亿立方米,湖面海拔为3260米,比两个东岳泰山还要高。由于这里地势高,气象十分凉快。即使是烈日炎炎的盛夏,日平均气温也只有15℃左中,是幻想的避暑消夏的胜地。
青海湖地处青海高原的东北部,这里地区广阔,草原广袤,河流众多,水草丰美,环境安静。湖的四周被四座巍巍高山所围绕:北面是崇宏壮丽的大通山,东面是巍峨宏伟的日月山,南面是逶迤绵绵的青海南山,西面是峥嵘嵯峨的橡皮山。这四座大山海拔都在3600米至5000米之间。举目环顾,犹如四幅高高的天然屏障,将青海湖紧紧围绕其中。从山下到湖畔,则是广袤平坦、苍茫无际的千里草原,而烟波浩淼、碧波连天的青海湖,就象是一盏宏大的翡翠玉盘平嵌在高山、草原之间,构成了一幅山、湖、草原相映成趣的壮美风光和绮丽风景。
青海湖的不同的季节里,风景迥然不同。夏秋季节,当四周巍巍的群山和西岸广阔的草原披上绿装的时候,青海湖畔山青水秀,天高气爽,风景十分绮丽。广阔起伏的千里草原就象是铺上一层厚厚的绿色的绒毯,那五彩缤纷的野花,把绿色的绒毯点缀的如锦似缎,数不尽的牛羊和膘肥体壮的骢马犹如五彩斑驳的珍珠洒满草原;湖畔大片整齐如画的农田麦浪翻滚,菜花泛金,芳香四溢;那碧波万顷,水天一色的青海湖,好似一泓玻璃琼浆在轻轻荡漾。而寒冷的冬季,当寒流到来的时候,四周群山和草原变得一片枯黄,有时还要披上一层厚厚的银装。每年11月份,青海湖便开端结冰,浩瀚碧澄的湖面,冰封玉砌,银装素裹,就象一面宏大的宝镜,在阳光下熠熠闪亮,终日放射着夺目标光辉。
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