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第一篇：吐鲁番火焰山导游词
各位游客：
新疆的吐鲁番有两座中国现存最完整的古城遗址，1961年被列为首批全国重点文物保护单位，分别是高昌故城和河故城，被称为吐鲁番盆地中一对风格不同的“姐妹城”。它们在经历了几千年的风风雨雨后，如今虽然只留下断壁残垣，然而当年高耸的城墙依然气势恢弘，深陷的护城河轮廓仍历历在目。下面让我们带着访古探胜的心情，先去参观一下高故城吧：
高昌故城的得名→高昌王国的历史
游客们，高昌故城位于吐鲁番以东45公里处的火焰山南麓，即木头沟河的三角洲地段，这座驰名中外的西域古都，曾先后为麴氏高昌王国和回鹘高昌王国的都城，历尽繁华，曾是古丝绸之路的必经之地和重要门户。在前往故城的途中，我先来介绍一下它的得名和历史。
高昌故城，维吾尔语中称为“亦都护城”，也就是“王城”的意思。《北史?高昌传》中称它因“地势高敞，人庶昌盛”而得名高昌。
据历史记载，高昌故城始建于公元前1世纪的西汉。当时称为“高昌壁”或“高昌垒”，汉、魏、晋历代都曾在此设立“戊己校尉”，管理屯田，抵御匈奴，故又名“戊己校尉城”。公元327年，前凉张骏在此设置高昌郡，开创了西域郡县制的先河。高昌建国是在公元460年(北魏和平元年)，车师国灭亡，柔然立阐氏伯周为王，称其国为高昌国，从而掀开了高昌王国的序幕。南北朝时期，这里诸王争霸，但国号仍为“高昌”。公元604年，唐贞观年间，高昌王勾结西突厥截断丝绸之路，唐太宗派人平定了高昌王国，将高昌改称“西州”。公元9世纪末，由漠北西迁到此的回鹘人建立了回鹘高昌国，仍臣属中原王朝，史称“西州回鹘”或“高昌回鹘”。1208年，高昌回鹘则顺成吉思汗，称“畏兀儿王国”。1283年，高昌城毁于战火，高昌回鹘王国灭亡，至此，高昌城被废。 纵观高昌故城的历史演变，历经1500多年，其间由盛及衰，演绎了一部西域部族的兴亡史。
高昌故城遗址→ 高昌的对外交流→ 高昌文化
游客们，现在我们来到了高昌故城遗址。只见残破的城墙全用黄土夯成，倘若登高展望，全城平面略呈不规则的正方形;分外城、内城、宫城三部分。布局似唐代的长安城。外城呈正方形，周长5.4公里，城墙最高处达11.5米，城基宽12米。内城居于外城正中，周长3600米，现仅存西墙980米，南墙850米。宫城居于外城城北。请看，前方那数座高3米至4米的土台称为“可汗堡”，就是原回鹊高昌的宫廷所在地。这里发掘出的绿色琉璃瓦、纹饰华丽的石柱础和巨幅的奏乐图精美壁画，记录了故都昔日的繁华。据史书记载，鼎盛时期的能城有12个门，市内房屋鳞次栉比，有作坊、市场、庙宇和居民区等建筑，总面积为200万平方米。密集的民居和市井坊肆建筑群，风格与交河故城相似，下挖为院，掏洞为室，不用木料，为吐鲁番一奇。
汉唐以来，高昌是连接中原、中亚、欧洲的枢纽，它既是经贸活动的集散地，又是世界宗教文化的荟萃地。当时波斯等 地的商人，从他们国家带来苜蓿、葡萄、香料、胡椒、宝石和骏马来到高昌城，又从这里带走中原的丝绸、瓷器、茶叶和造纸、火药、印刷术。与此同时，世界各地的宗教先后经高昌传入内地。当时的居民先后信奉佛教、景教和摩尼教，高昌成了世界古代宗教最活跃、最发达的地方。
高昌王国鼎盛时期;还孕育了丰富的高昌文化，成为高昌的珍贵遗产。麴氏高昌王国十任国王都是汉人，因此汉文化对高昌的影响显而易见。但高昌毕竟属于杂胡地带，车师、回鹘、突厥以至后来的吐蕃、蒙古等多民族杂居，因此当地人会数种语言，语种形态丰富而有趣。此外，高昌人的服饰也十分讲究，并擅长制作美食。驰名中外的高昌古乐，更是高昌人的骄傲，它以浓烈的异域风情和丰富的艺术语汇在汉唐时流行，被列入唐朝十部大乐之中，成为中西融合的文化瑰宝。可以这样理解，高昌故城的魅力，在于其深厚的文体底蕴，使之成为代表西域历史的典范和标本。
讲经堂遗址→ 唐僧玄奘与高昌
游客们，高昌故城废弃以后，被开垦为耕地，大部分地面建筑荡然无存，遗址保存较好的除城墙外，还有外城西南角的一座寺院，下面就让我们乘着“驴的”前往参观。
各位游客，请看这座大佛寺遗址，占地近1万平方米。仔细观察，这座佛寺的山门、讲经堂、大殿、藏经楼、僧舍等建筑布局，仍历历在目。从建筑特征和残存壁画上的联珠纹图分析，其建筑年代属麴氏高昌中期，约为隋代所建。
说起这座佛寺，鼎鼎大名的唐代高僧玄奘还曾到此讲过经。相传公元629年(唐贞观三年)，玄奘29岁时，为了提高佛学水平，不畏艰险，从长安出发西行，沿丝绸之路到佛国印度游学取经，历时17年。由于玄类取经起初并未得到唐朝政府的支持，他只能夹在西域商人中出行，因为没有政府发给的公文，路上还曾受到缉拿。然而玄类在克服了重重困难以后，不仅从印度取得了佛经，而且返回故土，著书立说，纠正了国内僧侣对佛经种种不正确的解释，成为最具声望的一代高僧。
回国后，玄奘的境遇与出国前迥然不同，他受到了唐朝政府的高度重视，唐高宗李治在为纪念母亲而建的慈恩寺内造了一座大雁塔，专门用来供放玄奘带回来的历7部佛经。玄奘在西行路上，途经伊吾(今哈密)，当高昌王麴文泰得知东土大唐不远万里来了一位求法的高僧时，便派人把玄类请来，专门安排在王宫内居住，与玄奘结为兄弟。他还苦口婆心地劝说玄奘留在高昌当“国师”，但不能动摇玄类西行探求真经的坚志大愿。高昌王无奈，只好请玄类讲经一月后再走。
临行前，高昌王为玄奘写了24封致西域各国的通行文书，还赠送了马匹和25名仆役。出发那天，全城夹道相送，高昌王鞠义泰抱住大师失声励哭，亲自送至100公里外的交河城，才依依惜别。唐僧玄奘和高昌王麴文泰的故事为我们留下了一段舌古佳话，以致吴承恩的神话小说《西游记》中就有以火焰山等为场景而衍化出的美丽传奇。
各位游客，高昌故城的参观即将结束了。望着这屡经岁月剥蚀的故城，在领略它的古老、苍茫和凝重之余，您还将作何观感呢?“曾经的辉煌将永远让人铭记”，或许这就是历史给我们的启迪吧!
第二篇：吐鲁番盆地的导游词
Dear tourists
As we all know, the hottest place in the country is Turpan, and the hottestplace in Turpan is fangdangtui Huoyan mountain. In summer, the highesttemperature of Huoyanshan is above 47.8 ℃. In midsummer, when the sun is red,the earth's atmosphere is transpiration and the clouds are shrouded, which isvery spectacular.
The name of Huoyanshan → mountain characteristics
Tourists, through the window, we can see that the thing in front is like afire dragon lying in the middle of Turpan Basin. The red mountain isYanshan.
The name of Huoyanshan mainly comes from its appearance. Look! The bedrockof Huoyanshan is exposed, the reddish brown sandstone glows in the hot sun, andthe hot air is rolling up, just like thousands of flames burning. The name of"Huoyanshan" comes from this. Huoyanshan is called chishi mountain in ancientbooks, and kiziltag in Uighur language, which means red mountain. CEN Shenci, apoet of the Tang Dynasty, passed through Huoyanshan and wrote "the volcanostands out at the mouth of chitingkou, and the fire clouds are thick in May.".The mountains are full of volcanoes and the birds are flying far away. "Dare notcome". Chen Cheng, a traveler in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote a poem to describeit: "a piece of smoke and a piece of red, burning to the sky. At the end ofspring, it's half as clear as summer. Who knows that there is Zhu Rong in thewest? " It can be called a vivid portrayal of Huoyanshan.
Huoyanshan is a long and narrow mountain in east-west direction, with atotal length of 98 km and a north-south width of 9 km. The general height isabout 500 meters, and the highest peak is 831.7 meters. Despite the fact thatthere is no grass on the surface of Huoyan mountain, due to crustal movement andriver cutting, there are many picturesque gullies and canyons hidden in themountain, such as Putaogou, tuyugou, taoergou, mumugou, shengjinkou Canyon, etc.In these valleys, the streams linger, the melons and fruits are fragrant, theflowers and trees are verdant, and the scenery is charming, just like the"flower and fruit dock" scene in "Huozhou".
The formation of Huoyanshan → the best observation point is shengjinkou
Perhaps some tourists will ask: How did the flame mountain form? How manyyears ago? The answer to these two questions can be traced back to 140 millionyears ago. At that time, due to the short and small folds in the front of Bogdamountain in the east of Tianshan Mountain, the crust changed, and after theHimalayan orogeny, the rudiment of the mountains gradually formed. Since then,it has experienced a long geological period, spanning several geological periodsof Jurassic, Cretaceous and tertiary, together with the special climateenvironment, showing the current geological shape.
Tourists, the best place to observe the structure of Huoyanshan isshengjinkou. Please get out of the car and take photos in front of the stonepedestal with the sign of "Huoyanshan", and then listen to my explanation.
Shengjinkou is 30 kilometers away from Turpan City in the west, connectingXinjiang with the mainland of 312 national highway, and crossing the Huoyanshanby the mugou river. Shengjinkou mountain is a precipitous place for militarystrategists since ancient times. As for the name of shengjinkou, there isanother origin: in the past, the local people called shengjinkou "seepingmouth". That's because after the water from mutugou flowed out of TianshanMountain, it became less and less. When they arrived at the Gobi desert nearshengjinkou, the water almost seeped clean, so they called it "seeping mouth".Later, people thought the name was not very auspicious, so they changed itshomonym to "shengjinkou", so it has been used to this day.
[story of Huoyanshan: myth of journey to the West → Uyghur folklore]tourists, Huoyanshan is named not only because of its unique appearance andstructure, but also because of its legendary mythology.
Journey to the west is one of the stories in which the master andapprentice of Tang monks and disciples of the Tang Dynasty are hindered fromlearning from the Buddhist scriptures in Huoyan mountain. In the 59th and 60thchapters of journey to the west, "Tang Sanzang road blocks Flame Mountain, andsun Xinger's three tune banana fan," it is written: "there is a state of Sri onthe Western Road, which is the place where the sun sets. It is commonly called"the end of the sky. ". There is a flame mountain here. It is hot all the yearround. The Flame Mountain has a flame of 800 Li, surrounded by nothing. If youcross the mountain, you will turn your copper skull and iron body into juice. "Although this description is exaggerated, the basic characteristics of hotseasons and barren grass are completely consistent with the actual situation ofHuoyanshan. It can be seen that the author did not invent it out of thinair.
In the eyes of the common people, good is the highest beauty, so the endingof the story in Huoyanshan is that justice will defeat evil, which has beendescribed in detail in Uygur folklore. It is said that a long time ago, therewas a dragon in the depths of Tianshan Mountain, which ate only boys and girls.The local top leader was determined to kill the dragon for the people, so hesent a warrior named Hala and Zhuo to subdue the dragon. After a thrillingbattle, Hara and Zhuo beat the dragon with their swords and finally subdued thedragon. After the dragon was injured, it rotated along the mountain, and thewhole mountain was dyed red by blood. Therefore, Uighur people called thismountain "Red Mountain".
Beautiful legend, profound meaning, reverie. Tourists, when we stop andthink about the flame mountain, we will feel that the wonders of Flame Mountainare not enough, and the story of Flame Mountain is endless. In order to makesure that you don't have any regrets, the next time you visit the old city ofGaochang and the thousand Buddha cave in bozikrik, you have to pass by the flamemountain. Therefore, we can fully enjoy the wonderful scenery of the flamemountain from different directions. I hope the trip to flame mountain will leaveyou a good memory.
第三篇：吐鲁番盆地的导游词
Dear tourists
When you come to Turpan, people can't help but ask: how can there be largeoases in places with extremely dry climate, known as "Huozhou" and "Fengku"?What's the secret? The secret is the Karez group distributed in Xinjiang, whichis like the blood of human body, extending to the vast Gobi and irrigating alarge area of Xinjiang. The wonderful Karez is also the most widely distributedin Turpan, becoming the spring of life and the source of evergreen, wateringTurpan's verdant grapes and sweet melons. Now let's visit this world-famousirrigation project.
Structure of Karez → construction method of Karez
Tourists, now we come to Karez paradise. First of all, please follow me toKarez museum to learn about the construction of Karez.
Karez is a kind of underground water diversion project created by theworking people of all ethnic groups living in Xinjiang according to the localclimate and hydrological characteristics. There are about 1600 Karez inXinjiang, among which Turpan is the most concentrated. According to statistics,there are 1158 Karez in Turpan, with a total length of about 5000 km, which isequivalent to the mileage from Urumqi to Harbin. Karez is one of the greatestunderground water conservancy projects in ancient China. It is called"underground canal" by experts in geography. Together with the great wall andBeijing Hangzhou Grand Canal, it is called the three major projects in ancientChina.
You may have heard about Karez, but its structure may not be very clear.Now I'll introduce it to you. Karez was called "Jingqu" in ancient times, whichmeans "Jingxue". It is composed of four parts: vertical shaft, undergroundchannel, open channel and waterlogging dam.
The reason why a large number of Karez were built in Turpan is inseparablefrom the natural conditions here. First of all, the terrain of Turpan Basin isvery low, with an area of 2085 square kilometers below sea level. Turpan issurrounded by mountains. Every year, a large amount of snow on the mountainsmelts and flows into the valley. When the snow water flows through the Gobi, itseeps into the ground to form a subsurface flow, which provides a rich source ofwater for Karez.
Then how is the Karez built? Please see: the construction method of Karezis to find the water source at the snow water undercurrent in the high mountainsand valleys, and then drill a vertical shaft every 20 to 30 meters, the depth ofthe shaft varies from 10 to tens of meters, to gather the groundwater toincrease the water potential, and then according to the terrain, dig anunderground channel at the bottom of the shaft to connect with each well, drainit straight down, and connect it to a distant place Oasis, water will be led outfrom the open channel to the ground for irrigation. Waterlogging dam is areservoir for regulating water quantity. A Karez is generally about 3 km long,and the longest one is usually several Karez connected for tens or even hundredsof kilometers, in which there are at least dozens of shafts and more than 300shafts. The shaft in the upstream is relatively deep, up to 100 meters in somecases, and the shaft in the downstream is relatively shallow, generally only afew meters. The function of Karez is to avoid water evaporation. This project isa great innovation to adapt to the characteristics of dry climate. What isparticularly praiseworthy is that the local people rely on their hands andsimple tools to dig deep wells and underground canals. The vastness of theproject and the ingenious structure are amazing.
I would like you to recall that when we drove near Turpan City, we couldsee piles of round earth bags down the slope on the Gobi outside the lush oasis,extending to the oasis in an orderly way. Those are the vertical wellheads ofKarez. If you look down from high altitude, those mounds are like necklaces tiedwith pearls, decorating Turpan, an ancient but still youthful place.
Reasons for the construction of Karez → origin of Karez tour guide ofXinjiang general situation tour guide of Putaogou in Turpan tour guide of Niyasite
Now let's talk about the reasons for the construction of Karez. Due to thedrought and less rain in Xinjiang, the amount of evaporation is large, and theKarez is an underground channel for water delivery, with small evaporation andstable flow, which can be irrigated by gravity all the year round. In addition,the soil here is calcareous clay, so the dug Karez is very solid and not easy tocollapse. The temperature of snow water in high mountains is very low, if directirrigation is unfavorable to the growth of crops, while the surface temperaturein Turpan is very high, the temperature rises naturally after snow water flowsthrough Karez, which is very suitable for watering crops. Therefore, in thelong-term struggle against drought, people of all ethnic groups in Xinjianginvented this method of digging wells and irrigating fields. A Karez is a freshspring that is not dry. It forms the lifeline and lifeline of Huozhou, whichmakes Xinjiang, a place with little rainfall, accumulate water and become anindispensable spring of life in Xinjiang people's life.
There are always three theories about the origin of Turpan Karez: one isthe theory of Guanzhong well canal in Han Dynasty. This view holds that the"well canal method" invented by people in Han Dynasty was introduced intoXinjiang and developed into Karez now. The second is related to Lin Zexu. AfterLin Zexu was exiled to Xinjiang in the late Qing Dynasty, he went through Turpanin 1845 and found that it was hot and rainy. So he carefully checked the terrainand water sources, and guided the people of Xinjiang to invent this method ofdigging wells and irrigating fields according to their own geographicalcharacteristics. The third view is that Karez was first created by the Persiansin Western Asia 2500 years ago and later passed down to Xinjiang. Of course,these three views need to be verified.
But what I want to tell you is that the distribution of Karez on the earthis connected with the Silk Road, which connects Eastern and Western cultures.Karez have been found in Pakistan, Iran and along the Caspian Sea. Therefore, itis no exaggeration to say that Karez is a pearl in the world cultural heritage.Until today, Karez still plays an important role in the agricultural developmentof Turpan, Xinjiang.
Karez open channel → Karez culvert
After visiting the Karez Museum and walking out of the museum, you can seethe clear spring beside the road. This is the pure snow mountain water flowingout of the Karez canal. It is crystal clear. If you reach for it, you will feelcool. It's really "crystal clear and cool".
The underdrain of Karez can only be seen when you enter the cave. You canonly see the water gurgling in the underdrain, which makes you feel very happy.There are thousands of such wells and canals in Xinjiang. The total length ofthe underground rivers is twice as long as that of the Great Wall, and far morethan that of the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal.
Tourists, today's Karez is not only an important water conservancyfacility, but also a great cultural landscape for Chinese and foreign tourists.In particular, a folk song and dance performance full of Xinjiang Uygur strongcustoms in Karez paradise will make you feel restless. The bright rhythm, lightmelody and passionate mood make you join them while enjoying. You can't helpsinging and dancing like Uygur girls and young men, and feel the pure fun ofthis song and dance hometown.
Ladies and gentlemen, the melodious singing in Karez paradise has alreadybeen sung. Now, please go to enjoy it!
第四篇：吐鲁番盆地的导游词
高昌故城遗址坐落在吐鲁番市东面约四十公里的哈拉和卓乡所在地附近，北距火焰山南麓的木头沟沟口(胜金口)约6.5公里，东距鄯善县城约55公里，属吐鲁番文物局管辖。它是古丝绸之路的必经之地和重要门户。高昌故城的维吾尔语称亦都护城，即"王城"之意，因为此城为高昌回鹘王国的都城，故名。
1961年被国务院公布为全国重点文保护单位。被誉为“长安远在西域的翻版”曾经有一位考古学家这样说“如果想知道盛唐时的长安城是什么样，就来吐鲁番的高昌故城吧，它就是唐时长安远在西域的翻版”时光已逝千年，但当时的繁盛仍依稀可见。
高昌故城奠基于公元前一世纪，是西汉王朝在车师前国境内的屯田部队所建。《汉书》中最早提到了“高昌壁”。《北史•西域传》记载：“昔汉武遣兵西讨，师旅顿敝，其中尤困者因住焉。地势高敞，人庶昌盛，因名高昌”。汉、魏、晋历代均派有戊己校尉此城，管理屯田，故又被称为“戊己校尉城”。
公元320xx年，前凉张骏在此“置高昌郡，立田地县”(《初学记》卷八引顾野三《舆地志》)。继之又先后为河西走廊的前奏、后凉、西凉、北凉所管辖。442年，北凉残余势力在沮渠无讳率领下“西逾流沙”，在此建立了流亡政权。450年，沮渠安周攻破交河城，灭车师前国，吐鲁番盆地政治、经济、文化的中心遂由交河城完全转移到高昌城。460年，柔然人杀北凉王安周，“以阚伯周为高昌王。高昌之称王自此始也”(《周书。高昌传》)。
此后张、马、麴氏在高昌相继称王，其中以麴氏高昌统治时间最长，达一百四十余年(499-640)。
这些“高昌王“均受中原王朝的册封。麴伯雅还曾到隋朝长安朝觐，并娶隋华容公主为妻。
640年，唐吏部尚书侯君集带兵统一了高昌，在此置西州，下辖高昌、交河、柳中、蒲昌、天山五县。由侯君集所得高昌国户籍档案统计，当时有人口三万七千。
八世纪末以后，吐蕃人曾一度占据了高昌。
九世纪中叶以后，漠北草原回鹘汗国衰亡后，西迁的部分余众攻下高昌，在此建立了回鹘高昌国。其疆域最盛时包括原唐朝的西州、伊州、庭州以及焉耆、龟兹二都督府之地。此外还统有分布在罗布淖一带的众熨及其它一些别的民族或部落，地域范围远远超过了今吐鲁番盆地。1220xx年，高昌回鹘臣附蒙古，成吉思汗赐回鹘高昌王为自己的第五子，并下嫁公主。
十三世纪以后，天山以北广大地区的西北蒙古游牧贵族以海都、都哇为首发动叛乱，坚持“仍旧要生活在草原上，不能到城市地区去”，曾多次南下侵犯臣属于元朝的回鹘高昌国，1275年一次出兵十二万围攻火州(高昌)达半年之久，后来亦都护(高昌王号)火赤哈尔的斤终于战死在同海都、都哇的战争中。这场战火延续四十余年之久，高昌城在战乱中被毁。
元延v三年至五年(1316-1318)，受元仁宗册封继承高王位的火赤哈尔的斤的儿子纽林的斤，在元朝的支持下，“领兵火州，复立畏兀儿城池”(《元史•巴而术阿尔忒的斤传》)。由于高昌城在战火中毁坏过甚，这次重建的火州城已不在高昌旧址，而在原高昌城西(今阿斯塔那居民村附近)。元朝统治瓦解后，火洲部割据处称“地面”，故《明史》称：“火州……东有荒城，即高昌国都”。
登高眺望，全程平面略呈不规则的正方形，布局可以分为外城、内城和宫城三部分。城垣保存较完整。
外城略呈方形，周长约五公里，占地面二百万平方米。城墙为夯筑，墙基厚约12米，高11.5米，周长约5公里;夯土筑成，夯层厚8-12厘米，间杂少量的土坯，有清楚地夹棍眼;城垣外侧有突出的垛台一“马面”建筑。
高昌故城外城西南角的一所寺院，占地近一万平方米，由大门、庭院、讲经堂、藏经楼、大殿、僧房等组成。从建筑特征和残存壁画上的联珠纹图案分析，其建筑年代约在公元六世纪。寺院附近还残存一些“坊”、“市”遗址，可能是小手工业者的作坊和商业市场。外城的东南角也有一所寺院，保存有一座多边形的塔和一个礼拜窟(支提窟)，是城内唯一保存有较好壁画的地方。从壁画的风格和塔的造型分析，为回鹘高昌后期(公元12-13世纪)的建筑。
内城北部正中有一平面不规则略呈正方形的小堡垒，当地叫“可汗堡”。堡内北面的高台上有一高达十五米的夯筑方形塔状建筑物;稍西有一座地上地下双层建筑物，现仅存地下部分，南、西、北三面有宽大的阶梯式门道供出入，规模虽不大，但与交河故城现存唐代最豪华的一所官署衙门建筑形式相同，可能是一宫殿遗址。解放前，一支德国考察队曾在堡内东南角盗掘出一方“北凉承平三年(445)沮渠安周造寺功德碑”。沮渠安周是在高昌建立流亡政权的北凉王，据该碑推断，此堡可能是当时的宫城，并有王室寺院。
北部的宫城内留存许多高大的殿基，一般高三米半至四米左右，可以看出其中有高达四层的宫殿建筑遗址。
高昌城北面原是一片茫茫戈壁，居民死后大都葬在这里。整个墓群从城东北一直延伸到城西北，东西长约五公里，南北宽两公里，占地十平方公里左右。本世纪初以来，在这里发掘清理墓葬五百多座，出土文书、丝毛棉麻织物、墓志、钱币、泥塑木雕俑、陶木器皿、绘画、农作物、瓜果食品等各种历史文物，数以万计。
实地考察，证之文献资料，高昌郡时期高昌城已经有了现存的内城。外城墙是麴氏高昌时期所建。城北郊阿斯塔那-哈拉和卓古墓群出土的属于这一时期的文书中有“北坊中城”、“东南坊”、“西南坊”等记载，说明当时此城已经有中、外之分，东、南、西、北之别。见于文书中的城门有青阳门、建阳门、玄德门、武城门、金章门、金福门等。敦煌莫高窟藏经洞发现的《西州图经》中记：“圣人塔，在子城东北角”，表明唐代西州城是有子城的。早期的宫城在今“可汗堡”内。麴氏高昌时期随着外城的修建，宫城遂迁移到北部，南面而王，与隋唐时长安城的布局相似。回鹘高昌时期宫城内又曾大兴土木。
汉唐以来，高昌是连接中原中亚、欧洲的枢纽。经贸活动十分活跃，世界各地的宗教先后经由高昌传入内地，毫不夸张的说，它是世界古代宗教最活跃最发达的地方，也是世界宗教文化荟萃的宝地之一。唐代佛教高僧玄奘，为了提高佛教学水平，不畏杀身之祸，于公元620xx年偷偷离开长安，出玉门，经高昌，沿丝绸中路到印度，遍游今阿富汗、巴基斯坦、印度诸国，历时20xx年。在高昌，玄奘诵经讲佛，与高昌王拜为兄弟，留下一段千古佳话。
高昌故城自公元前一世纪建高昌壁，到十三世纪废弃，使用了一千三百多年。始建时间距今已有两千多年了。它是吐鲁番地区千年沧桑的见证。
1988年被列为国家级重点文物保护单位。
第五篇：吐鲁番火焰山导游词
火焰山脉呈东西走向。东起鄯善县兰干流沙河，西止吐鲁番桃儿沟，长100公里，_宽处达10公里。火焰山重山秃岭，寸草不生。每当盛夏，红日当空，地气蒸腾，焰云燎绕，形如飞腾的火龙，十分壮观。明人吴承恩著名神话小说《西游记》;以唐僧师徒四人西天取经的故事而脍灸人口。第五十九和六十回，写唐三藏路阻火焰山，孙行者三调芭蕉扇的故事，更给火焰山罩上一层神秘的面纱。书中写道“西方路上有个斯哈哩国，乃日落之处，俗呼天尽头，这里有座火焰山，无春无秋，四季皆热。火焰山，有八百里火焰，四周围寸草不生。若过得山，就是铜脑壳、铁身躯，也要化成汁哩!”这段描写显系夸张，但高热这一基本特征与火焰山是完全符合的。
唐僧取经群塑形态生动，表情逼真。群塑是1989年修造的。来此观瞻照相的中外游人接连不断，是火焰山新辟的旅游景点之一。遗憾的是群塑人为的被高高的铁栅栏团团围住，形同囚犯，令游人驻足长叹。
火焰山是中国最热的地方，夏季最高气温高达摄氏47.8度，地表最高温度高达摄氏70度以上，沙窝里可烤熟鸡蛋。由于地壳运动断裂与河水切割，山腹中留下许多沟谷，主要有桃儿沟、木头沟、吐峪沟、连木沁沟、苏伯沟等。而这些沟谷中却绿荫蔽日，风景秀丽，流水潺潺，瓜果飘香。