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JourneytothewestisahistoricChinesenovelthatisconsideredoneofthefourclaicsfromtheMingDynasty.Thesenovelsalongwiththegoldenlotuswatermarginsaswellastheromancesofthethreekingdomshavewonpopularacclaimfromgenerationtogeneration.Journeytothewestisacombinationofmythparableandcomedy.ItisastoryaboutaBuddhistmonkandbunchofanimalswithhumancharacteristic.TheanimalsactuallyinthestoryareaveryfairytaletypeofmoodandtheytraveledwesttoIndiatofindBuddhistscriptures.Theanimalsthemselvesarecelestialbeinginmortalformsandtheyhavemagicalpowersthatprotectthemfromthegoblinsandtheevilspirits.
AuthorWuCheng-enwritingscreateanimaginaryworldthatcreatesalifelikewiththeabsurdgivingusaglanceofthedifferentsidesofhumannature.Monkeywascreatedoutofarock.Henotonlyhasthesharpwitandanunrulynatureofamonkeybutalsoextraordinarypowersthatheusestoovercomedemonsandmonsters.Pigsetsoffhispiglikeclumsinewiththedispositionthatistheepitomeofhonestyanddirectne.Heisalwaysmakingameoutofthingsandgeneratingalotofhumorintheproce.Beforethemonkcanfindthescriptureshemustsurmounts81obstaclesincludingovercomingsuchsupernaturalbeingsascowdemonthespiderbeastandalivingskeleton.Theseobstaclessymbolizethedifficultiesandchallengesthatpeoplemeetinthecourseofideals.Thecharacteristhemainreasonthatjourneytothewestkeepsreaderinthrall.Thebookgetsmorethenanduproarscomedy.Itgivesusreadersanunforgivableinsightintolifeitself.
Asforthehistoricalrecordofjourneytothewestlet'sgobacktotheTangdynasty.HistoryactuallyrecallstheBuddhistmonkmasterShan-changormasterXuanZhuangwhocroedhemightydeserttoreachtheIndiacontinentduringtheTangdynasty.19yearslaterhecamebacktochinawithover600Buddhistscriptures.Sothefactualbasisofjourneytothewestwasborn.HowevermasterXuanZhuangactuallywasalittlebitdifferentfrommastersantong.Whowasactuallyafictionalcharactercreatedbytheauthor?Inanovel,TangShan-changmaybeamonkonadaringmiiontofindBuddhascriptures.Butheisalsoafaint-heartedhypocritewholackstranscendentinsightandliveslifeinpectoralfear.Heiskindandcompaionatebuthisinabilitytodistinguishbetweentrueandfalsehoodmakehimalltosusceptibletopig'sefforttosewthiscourt.Theresultisthathewronglydistreesmonkeywhocanseethroughthebioschemesofevilspiritsanddemons.Butofcoursewhenhehasfallowblindlyinthetrapofsomefinorotheritisalwaysmonkeythatfallbackonforhelp.Actuallythecharacterofthemonkhappenstobequitesimilartothemythicalscholaralthoughheisanidealistatheartheisasweakasakittenandjustsetstherehelplelyforrescuewhenhegetsintoapredicament.
Theauthorisperhapsmakingaslyjabattheincompetentrulersofhistime.ButifTangShan-changisevaluatedpurelyfromhisviewpointofreligionorspiritualattainmentheappearsasnotasaintlymonkbutratheranordinaryman.Somonkeyistherealheroinjourneytothewest.Monkeyiscreatedfromarockonenchantedmountainandbecauseofhiscourageandinsightislateranointedbyhispeersasking.Butonedayinaflashofenlightenment,thisgloriousmonkeykingseethatlifeisaverytemporarythingandthatthedelightsofhistimelyexistenceintheareamountaintreecannotgoonforever.Amazinglyhegivesitalluptofindamasterwhocanguidehimontothepathofspiritualmotivation.Monkeyisgiftedwithintelligenceandagilitybothmentallyandphysically.Soheputshistalentstousebymasteringhisskillsofwizardrytothepointofwherehecantransformhimself72timesinablinkofaneye.Hehasamagicwanthatcanshrinksmallerthepenorexpandtillitislikeaclubofbronzeandamagiccloudthatcantakehimuptotheheavensordowntothebalesoftheearth.Themonkeystillretainshismischievousandplayfultemperamentofhisfellowapes.Hisintelligenceandchildlikenaughtinearereviledwhenhedoesthingslikedeliberatelysendingpigtoscanthenearbymountainandthentransforminghimselfintoaninsecttokeepaneyeonhisindolentcompanion.FearingnothingthemonkeywouldplayinthepalaceoftheseagodinheavenorinHadesitself.HeevenmakesabetwithBuddha.Hisisarebelliouscharacterthatwilljustnotbowtoestablishedrules.
Fulloflifeandfilledwithspiritaswellasbeingsincereandoptimisticinnature,heisnotbotheredbysufferingandisalwaysreadytofaceuptonewchallenges.Thiskindofwilinetoforgeaheadmaybethestuffthoseheroesaremadeoutof.Butitcarrieswithitaweakneofarroganceimpulsiveneandadesiretoexceloverothers.Pigfillsarolethatsymbolizesthedesiretocomfortandpleasure.Hetohasmagicalpowersbutitisjustnotthesameasmonkey.Whomakeshimseemnaiveandclumsybycomparisonmonkeyjustlovetoteasehimsopigdoeshislevelbesttobeathorninmonkeyssidebytellingliesabouthimtotongsongjon.Pigisalazygluttonousthatneedshismaterialcomfortswhenitcomestotroublehejustcan'tholdhissideupsoisalwaysfirsttocallonforhelp.Duringtheirjourneyhenearlycasthiscompanioninhisownspiritualcultivationinside.Whenhefallsforenticementofbeautifulwomenandriches.ButiffinallyturnsouttobeallworkofBuddhasalviathathascometotesthim.Yetthankstotheauthorpigludicrousbehaviorbringsanironicsmiletothereadersfaceratherthenafrownofdisapprovalbecausewhilepigmakesalaughingstockofhimself-thereaderisremindedofthecovetousraspynaturethatempathythehumancondition.Anothercharacterthatappearsquitelefrequentlyisfriarsanwhenhedoestakethestage.Hisquiteresoluteanddowntonaturearereadilyapparent.ActuallyInjourneyofthewestispurificationofthemindsothattheentireexpeditiontofindBuddhascripturesisactuallyawayofachievingspiritualgoodne.Sointhisplaythreearrogantweaknelazineevenignorancetheyareallweakneofhumannaturethatrequiresspiritualcorrection.Howeverhonestygoodneandcourageareallourfriendsinthedepthsofoursoul.Andthiswaythejourneytothewestthevariouscharactersinbattlewithevilandtheyteachusthatinhumanlifeitispoibleandtemperourselvestoachieveidealsandgoodne.
Injourneytothewest,IadmireTangMonkandmonkeykingmost.Onhiswaytothewest,Tangmonkmetthe"9981"difficulty.Heneverbowedhishead.WiththehelpofSunWukong,ZhuBajie,ShamonkandBaiLongma,hefinallygotback35scriptures.SunWukongisthegreatapprenticeofTangmonk.Hecanmake72changesandflythroughtheclouds.HehasapairofbrighteyesandhasmadegreatcontributionstoTangMonk'slearningfromtheScripturesintheWest.
IthinkthatlearningislikelearningfromtheWest.Itisboundtoencountermanydifficultiesandsetbacks.Itisnoteasytoachievegoodresults.IwanttobelikeTangSengandnotbowmyheadwhenencounteringdifficulties.LikeSunWukong,Iwanttobesmart,resourceful,capable,braveandfearless,andstrivetoachieveexcellentresults.
JouneytotheWestisahistoricChinesenovelthatisconsideredoneofthe4classicsfromtheMingDynasty.ThesenovelsalongwithOutlawsoftheMarsh,ADreaminRedMansionaswellasThreeKindomsha一vewonpopularacclaimfromgenerationtogeneration.JouneytotheWestisactuallyacombinationofmyth,parableandcomedy.Itisfilledwithimaginationandha一veenjoyedagreatandimmensepopularityamongthepeopleinChinaforover400yearsonaccountofitsfreshandconvolutedplots,distinctiveandlife-likecharacters,profoundandincisiveideologicalcontentandlife-heartedstyle.
ItisbasedonastoryaboutaBuddhistmonkandabunchofanimalswithhumancharacteristic(whicharehis3disciples,theirreventandcapableMonkey,greedyPig,andFriarSand).Theanimalsinthestoryareactuallyofaveryfairytaletypeofmoodandtheytra一veledwesttoIndiatofindBuddhistscriptures.Theanimalsthemselvesarecelestialbeinginmortalformsandtheyha一vemagicalpowersthatprotectthemfromthegoblinsandtheevilspirits.
Monkeywascreatedoutofarock.Henotonlyhasthesharpwitandanunrulynatureofamonkeybutalsoextraordinarypowersthatheusestoovercomedemonsandmonsters.Monkeyisalsogiftedwithintelligenceandagilitybothmentallyandphysically.Soheputshistalentstousebymasteringhisskillsofwizardrytothepointofwherehecantransformhimself72timesinablinkofaneye.Hehasamagicwandthatcanshrinksmallerthanapenorexpandtillitislikeaclubofbronzeandamagiccloudthatcantakehimuptothehea一vensordowntothebalesoftheearth.Fulloflifeandfilledwithspiritaswellasbeingsincereandoptimisticinnature,heisnotbotheredbysufferingandisalwaysreadytofaceuptonewchallenges.
Pigsetsoffhispiglikeclumsinesswiththedispositionthatistheepitomeofhonestyanddirectness.Heisalwaysmakingamessoutofthingsandgeneratingalotofhumorintheprocess.Pigfillsarolethatsymbolizesthedesiretocomfortandpleasure.Hetoohasmagicalpowersbutitisjustnotthesameasmonkey,whomakeshimseemnaiveandclumsybycomparison.Monkeyjustlovetoteasehim,sopigdoesallhisbesttobeathorninmonkey’ssidebytellingliesabouthimtoTangPriest.
AnothercharacterthatappearsquitelessfrequentlyisFriarSand.Heisquiteresoluteandhisdown-to-earthnatureisreadilyapparent.
InJouneytotheWest,atotalof87chaptersarededicatedtothestoryoftheTangPriest,XuangZang’squestfortheBuddhistscriptures.Inthecourseoftheirjourney,theybra一veaseriesofdangersandvanquishdevilsandmonsters.TheroadtotheWesternParadiseisfraughtwithdanger,whetherinmountainsandforestsorinvillagesandtowns.Beforethemonkcanfindthescriptureshemustsurmount81obstacles.DemonsofalldescriptionsliketheferociousRedBoy,thescorpionsipirtofPipaCa一veandspiderwomen,etc.trytobartheirway,eventotheextentofkillingandeatingXuangZang.Someoftheseghostlyopponentsappearopenlyhostile,whileothersarecunninglydisguised.Somewieldpoweroverkingdomsorfeigntoofficialscarryingouttheirlawfulduties.Monkeyplaysacentralroleineverybattlewiththemonsters,notonlycontendingwiththemfacetoface,butalsohelpinghiscompanionsovercometheobstaclesandrestraintsthatoriginatewithinthemselves.Afterovercomingallkindsofevilanddeviousenemies,withMonkeyasthebackboneofthecompany,thetra一velersfinallyreachtheWesternParadiseandaccomplishtheirsacredmissionoftakingbackthescriptures.Inthisso-called“storiesofthe81obstacles”whichsymbolizethedifficultiesandchallengesthatpeoplemeetinthecourseofpursuingtheirideals,thestaunchspiritandcharacterofthe4companionstobattleallenemiesandovercomeallhurdlesinordertoattaintheirgoalismanifestedveryclearlyandasmuchitisavividportrayalofthespiritandcharacteroftheChinesenation.
Withsupernaturalbeingsasitsprotagonists,JourneytotheWestcreatesaworldfulloffantasyandillusion.ButthisfantasyworldreflectsvariouskindsofcontradictionsinthesocietyofWuChen’en’stime.Thecharactersofthedemonsaregeneralizationsandsublimationsofthecharactersofordinarymortals.FantasyandrealityreachahighlevelofsynthesisinJouneytotheWest.
HumorisamajorcharacteristicofthestyleofJouneytotheWest.MoneyisthesupremecomicfigureinthisclassicalChinesenovel.Hishumorspringsfromhisoptimisticself-confidenceandhissharpabilitytoperceivepeople’struenatures,aswellashistoleranceofothers’weaknessesandhishatredofevil.Thehumorinthisnovelisalsomanisfestedincertainplots&subplotsofthenatureofcomedies.Pig’sclumsyactionsandspeechareinvariablyhilarious,butthelaughterheelicitsistolerantbutsadatthesametime.ThisisbecausetheweaknessesinPig’scharacterarenotuniqueoraccidental,they’recommontraitsoftheChinesecharacter.Theauthor’shumorisbuiltuponabaseofprofoundknowledgeofhumansocietyandahighdegreeofpsychologicalpenetration.
ActuallyJourneytothewestispurificationofthemindinthattheentireexpeditiontofindBuddhistscripturesisactuallyawayofachievingspiritualgoodness.Sointhisplaythreeweaknessesarrogance,laziness,evenignorance,theyareallweaknessofhumannaturethatrequiresspiritualcorrection.Howeverhonesty,goodness,andcourageareallourfriendsinthedepthsofoursoul.AndthiswaytheJourneytothewestteachusthatinhumanlifeitispossibletotemperourselvestoachieveidealsandgoodness.
Thisjourneytothewestiswellknowntowomenandchildren.Somechildrenusuallytrytobefresh,orlookatthelookofthemonkeykinginside,anddon'tunderstandthetruemeaning.Ithinkthistime,itisverydifferentfromthepast.Ihaveadeepunderstandingofsomeoftheprinciples.
JourneytothewestisaboutTangmonks,teachersanddiscipleswhowenttothewesttolearnscriptures.Theywentthroughthedifficultiesofninety-nineandeighty-one,andfinallyobtainedtheScriptures.Thestoryisfascinating,interestingandvivid,butnevertheless,italsocontainstheauthor'sviewsonthesocietyatthattime.Hesatirizedthecorruptionandincompetenceofthegovernmentatthattime.Infact,onthewayoflearningscriptures,manygoblinswerecloselyrelatedtotheheavenandtheearth.Inthisway,therewereuglyandimmortalsundertheruleofthedivinepowerintheskyandontheearth.ItcanbeseenthatthecorruptionoftheruleoftheMingDynastyatthattime,andtheauthorwasveryangryaboutit.However,inthiscase,thereisanunyieldingfigurewhoisunrestrainedanddaretostruggleinfrontofus,thatisthemonkeyking!Alivingcharacter!Hejumpedoutofthestoneandwascurioustoexploreeverythingintheworld,buthenevergaveintotheJadeEmperor'sattempttocapturehimand"madeasceneinheaven".However,sometimeshewascapricious.Theauthorusedsuchafiguretomakeacomparison,whichfurtherrevealedthatthecorruptandincompetentofficialsatthattimeoftenhadacertainrelationshipwiththeimmortalBuddhainthesky,Aresomemonstersdoingevilintheworldbyborrowingthattheyarethemountsofsoandsoimmortalsintheskyortakingsoandsotreasuresinthesky!Ithinktheseofficialsintheworldarejustlikethis.Theycommitcrimesandfishthepeoplewiththesupportofbigpeoplebehindthem,whichhasledtothecorruptionoftheimperialgovernmentandthesocialandeconomicdepression.
Nevertheless,IwasdeeplymovedbythespiritoffearlessnessofthefourteachersanddisciplesofTangmonkwhentheymetdemonsandghostsontheway.Becausethefourteachersanddisciplesunitedasone,werenotafraidofdifficultiesanddangers,andwerenotgreedyforprosperityandwealth,theyfinallyachievedtheirwishesandobtainedtheScripture.Ithinkwearethesameinlife.Nomatterwhatdifficultiesweencounter,don'tgiveupeasily.Wecan'tbreakuplikepigBajiesometimes.Aslongasweinsist,wecanovercomedifficultiesandwin!Althoughwewillencountermanyhardshipsintheprocessofsuccess,itcanbetterhoneourwillpowerandexerciseus.Therefore,wemustmoveforwardbravelyandbenotafraidofdifficultiesanddangers!
Afterthemonkeykingtookchargeofthepeachgarden,heatethepeachandwenttosleep.Oneday,tohaveapeachmeeting,thesevenfairiescametopickpeaches,said:"no,pleaseQiTianDaSheng."InQiTianDaSheng'sanger,thesevenfairieswereallsettledbyQiTianDaSheng.Heoutwittedthebarefootimmortalandbecameabarefootimmortal.Heatedelicaciesanddrankwine.WhenhewantedtogobacktohisQiTianDaShengmansion,hebrokeintotheplaceoftheSupremeLordbymistake,atethegoldenelixir,andmadetheheaventurnupsidedown.QiTianDaShengwentbacktoHuaguoMountainanddrankhiswinewiththelittlemonkeys,whichmadetheJadeEmperorangry.Atlast,heorderedErlangGodtocatchhim.
Ithinkitshowsthatmonkeysunisamonkeywhoisnotafraidofpowerforthesakeoffairness.Heisalsolovely,mischievousandmischievous.