千文网小编为你整理了多篇相关的《2000字的小说读后感》,但愿对你工作学习有帮助,当然你在千文网还可以找到更多《2000字的小说读后感》。
孤独作为一种美学,是可能的吗?
这是我翻看蒋勋新著《孤独六讲》前内心最迫切的犹疑。孤独,当下好似流感,每个人或多或少都患染过。吊诡之处在于,最害怕孤独的现代人其实最孤独。很简单,现代性的一大特点即是,个体意识的明确。随之而来的既有所谓独立人格的确立,也有此前意想不到的困境,譬如说孤独。更搞笑的是,当人们意识到陷入孤独之境时,第一反应则是回避孤独,这是群居动物的本性,却于解脱孤独无益无用。更深在的问题是,当孤独作为一种群体性症候,我们能否给予孤独多一重维度的探勘,并赋予美学上的好处,使得孤独不再只是一个现代人口中熟滥的词语,心中单一错误的观念呢?
这回,听蒋勋谈孤独,总算能将上述所言一一落实了。书分六辑,分别讲述残酷青春里野兽般奔突的“情欲孤独”,众声喧哗却无人聆听的“语言孤独”,始于踌躇满志最后落寞寂寥的“革命孤独”,潜藏于人性内在本质的“暴力孤独”,不可思不可议的“思维孤独”,以爱之名捆缚与被捆缚的“伦理孤独”,几乎将关于“孤独”的话题论述得题无剩义。蒋勋是美的善述者,知性而动情,于是这给他关于孤独的议论添了一层难得美学观照,正因孤独难谈,谈得不好,读者越发忧悒孤独。
每一天看一章,舍不得快快读完。最喜爱“革命孤独”那一章。中国好革命,但似乎至今未有对革命美学的深度透视,历来谈革命者多是嚣骚空论,催生的不是对于革命的切实了解,反倒激发出不自知的群体盲目。至于由革命而言及孤独,更是少见。在蒋勋看来,“革命跟诗有关,跟美学有关,而它最后导致的是一种巨大的孤独感”,“正因唯有孤独感会让人坚信乌托邦”。革命者并非仅是不满现状,毋宁说对现状的不满只是革命者内心孤独的一种外在表现,巨大的孤独感迫使革命者透过革命来消解或完成自己的孤独。好像书中提到的托尔斯泰,抛弃爵位、土地、财产,毅然出走。若是仅从表面所谓对农奴的关切来明白,未免现实功利了点,在那里,托尔斯泰想要进行的是一场关于内心的革命,自我的革命。爵位、土地、财产不仅仅是他所拥有的物质,同时这些物质是与整个阶级体制紧密联系的。当他决然舍弃这些时,他是在与这背后的阶级体制作战,同时更是在与内心的不安作战。这种内心的革命其实是越出世俗藩篱的,而但凡超越世俗所能容纳之定则之人,必定要饱受讥嘲,正因世俗本身不容许这样。常识告诉我们,这些革命者注定是失败者。
有深意的是,失败者才能获致美学好处。在蒋勋眼里,《史记》就是司马迁为无数失败者所进行的美学书写,他“成功地营造了一个革命者美丽的结局和孤独感”,进而动问“文学是不是去书写一个孤独者内心的荒凉,而使成功者或夺得政权的那个人感到害怕?”,“正因他有所得也有所失,赢了政权却输了诗与美”。这是我读见的对《史记》最好最美的一种解读。
我们这天读《史记》,照样会喜爱那个失败的项羽,而不怎样喜爱那个最终成功的刘邦。理性的读者也许会猜测彼时情形是否果真如此,但“项羽的英雄化正代表了司马迁内心对孤独者的致敬”。那里有颜容憔悴跳水自沉的屈原,有易水畔的荆轲,有不为俗世所容的游侠。因此“司马迁是以《史记》对抗权力,取得权力的人,就失去美学的位置”。
因此再度思考“什么是革命孤独”的问题时,我们会把革命者视为一个怀抱梦想却最终无法实现梦想的人。正因怀抱梦想,因此有诗与美的可能;正因终其世无法实现,也就不可能为任何体制虽捆缚。这种现实好处上的失败造就出强大的美学力量,进而拷问世俗——我们到底能不能容纳他们?有关爱的名言
而一个成熟健康的社会,就应拥有足够多的面向与可能。
那么,现代人如此惧怕孤独,是不是正是正因我们太过单一,社会面向不够丰富呢?
在这个好处上,我歆服蒋勋所言“这本书要谈的不是如何消除孤独,而是如何完成孤独,如何给予孤独,如何尊重孤独”。
昆德拉在评析弗朗西斯?培根时如此说道:“画家的强暴之手以‘突兀暴烈的手势’放在肖像主人的脸上,试图在某个深处,找出肖像主人逃逸的‘我’。”如果借用这个诠释,我愿说,对“孤独”的探讨与珍惜,本质上也正是基于找寻那个逃逸的“我”的企图。在与自己相处之时,我们质问自己,一个人会在何等情形下变得不可辨识自己?又会在何等情形下歪斜到仍然是自己?换言之,一个人之因此为自己的边界,到底在哪里?
Were one to have the profound hatred, were one to avenge and harm his family who seems too far to harm, he would be either a hero or a monster. Should he fight the unbeatable foe and right the wrong, should he bear with unbearable sorrow, should he ruin himself in twisted enthusiasm, he would be Hamlet.
Among all the masterpieces of William Shakespeare, “Hamlet”, undoubtedly is worshipped and as one of the most successful and admired tragedies, while the character Hamlet remains one of the most loved dramatis personas in all-time history of literature.
To have read Shakespeare's “Romeo and Juliet” by the age of 16, I was moved to tears, while having no empathy with his another great one “Tempest”。 Presumably when I get 60 or older, I could be wise enough to understand the latter, but find it nothing worthwhile to go over the former one, where lays a romantic story that the only youngsters are addicted to. But it's a fact that whenever in our lifetime after gaining such experiences as getting through hard times, or, finding a real self, from “Hamlet”, we always find something that we consider as perpetuation, which is worth deep thoughts. This is because it highlights Hamlet's choices of life, choices made under certain circumstances of history and society, requested by the fate extraordinary to Hamlet himself, but ordinary to mankind. That is, to some extent, his experiences make a similar one to ours and, his destiny is something we're facing sometime in our own lives.
We're possibly the same. We explore the truth in the dark. We discover facts from the mist. We lose ourselves in determinations. We trespass on which we're forbid to be, hesitates at love and hatred, and struggle to rebuild system of values and spiritual prop in a world without standards and scales of standards.
Hamlet couldn't have been perfect. He is very much a person motivated by irrational enthusiasm, impetuous enough to kill Polonius only to find it's a mistake as the victim is not the king. But somehow it is for his poor enthusiasm, his weakness of humanity, that Hamlet touches countless readers, as everyone makes out himself from the ill-fated prince.
Hamlet's “revenge” isn't so much simply the killing of Claudius, as it is the purging of all the rottenness in the Danish court. And although it costs him his life, he succeeds.
At some time, we all consider how much wrong there is in the world. “Hamlet” gives us a chance to watch an ordinary person consciously choose to say “No!” to the world's wrongness and falsities, and to strike back with power. William Shakespeare held up the mirror to something in us that is precious.
I hear Hamlet thinking, “Too many people waste too much effort doing things that are not worthwhile. It's a bad world, and I am far from a perfect human being. We all end up dead in the end. So I am going to do something worthwhile, and do it right.”
I hear him wondering, “What is a man, If his chief good and market of his time. Is but to sleep and feed? A beast, no more.”
I hear him whispering “To be, or not to be, aye, there's the point. To die, to sleep, is that all? Aye, all.”
That makes a hero to me, regardless of his blindness and madness which haunt everyone for a while in his time. Thousands of readers may have thousands of their own Hamlet, but there's something that stays the same, that Hamlet dares to run, where the brave dare not go. That's his quest.
Thinks about it.
推荐专题: 2000字的小说读后感