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第一篇：美国概况要点名词解释
1.the Boston Massacre：The Boston Massacre took place before the American War of
Independence.In 1768 some English troops under General Gage were sent to the colonies to help tax-collectors.The people of the colonies hated these soldiers.In the spring of 1770 in Boston, some of the English troops fired at the people.After the event, a big meeting was called，demanding that the English troops should be removed.This showed that the people in the colonies began their struggle against the British rule.2.“Winner-take-all” principle: This is a kind of principle in American Presidential election.The voters of a state have to choose between a Democratic list and a Republican list.If the candidates of a party for “eletors” in a given state receive a majority of the total vote, then the party is entitled to have all the electoral votes for that state, even though a presidential receives only slightly more than electoral votes of that state.3.the American Civil Rights Movement: It mainly refers to the American black People's struggle against the racial discrimination in 1960's.As early as in 1950's,the black people once struggled against segregation in schools.In 1960, the blacks in 20 states held a large-scale sit-in
demonstration protesting against racial segregation.In 1961 the blacks held a freedom-rides
against segregation on buses.Under the out-standing leader Martin Luther King, the Civil Rights Movement went still further in mid-1960s.There was a march on Washington for ”Jobs and
Freedom”.So in 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed.This movement shows the American black people's bravery and confidence in their struggles for equal rights and liberty.4.Monroe Doctrine:Monroe Doctrine was a kind of American foreign policy when some European countries formed the Holy Alliance which seemed ready to put down the South America revolutions.In 1823 President James Monroe sent a massage to Congress.This is known as “Monroe Doctrice”.One of the main points says “The European Countries ought not star any new colonies in North or South American.” As a result, it stopped the Holy Alliance’s program and also revealed the United States’ desire of overseas expansion.5.The New Deal: to deal with the Great Depression.Franklin D.Roosevelt made a program known as the ”New Deal”.Roosevelt took efforts to cosolidate the old marker at abroad and also to conquer new ones.At home, many public project, were launched to create employment big industries made reforms.Roosevelt also took some measures of “social security”.The “New Deal” relaxed the economic crisis, made some concessions to the working people.6.The Muckraker: a group of reform-minded journalists, made investigations and exposed various dark sides of the seemingly prosperous society.Their publications helped stir American conscience and make the progressive movement a national one.7.Manifest Destiny: it meant that the outward was inevitable, that the United States was driven on by a divine force that should not be denied.It reflected the view that the Lord had intended the United States to control the entire North American continent.1.What important measures did Abraham Lincoln take during the Civil War? How do you evaluate them?---During American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln took two important measures, one is the “Homestead Bill”, the other is the “Emancipation Proclamation”.During the first stage of the war from 1861 to 1862, the North was in an unfavorable condition.The North army could not get much support from farmers and Negroes, because many farmers had not got enough land and Negroes had been still enslaved.So they had no interest in the war.In order to get support from the broad masses, Lincoln took these two measures.In May1862 Lincoln issued the Homestead Bill, and this stimulated the development of capitalist agriculture in the South, greatly
encouraged farmers.In September 1962, Lincoln issued the famous “Emancipation Proclamation” , freeing a great number of the slaves in the South and permitting them to join the armed forces of the North.After issuing the two measures, Lincoln”s army became much stonger and got more support from the broad masses.Finally Lincoln won the war.2.What are the three branches of the U.S.government? What are the main functions of the three branches?---In the U.S.government three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial branches.The executive branch is headed by the President, consists of eleven departments and many independent agencies.The President performs many functions.He is the head of the government and chief of state.The President can negotiate foreign treaties, appoint government officials, command the armed forces.He makes foreign policy.He may introduce legislative bill to Congress.The legislative branch refers to Congress.Only Congress has the right to make laws.It is the supreme legislative body of the nation.It is made of two houses—the senate and the House of the Representatives.The judicial branch refers to the Supreme Court and some inferior courts.The Supreme Court is the highest court of the whole land and has the sole right to interpret the Constitution and review laws to see whether they are in agreement with the Constitution.The Supreme Court is headed by a Chief Justice and eight other justices.3.Give a brief account of the U.S.overseas invasion and expansion in the 20th century.---By the end of the 19th century the United States had grown into a highly developed industrial country and reached the stage of imperialism.Then it began its overseas expansion.As early as 1899 ,the United States ,took East Samoa as her colony.And Hawaii fell into her control in 1893.In 1898 U.S.Congress declared war on Spain.In 1903 the U.S.A.grabbed a big slice of the Panama territory in the U.S.controlled canal zone.It invaded China by means of both force and culture.In 1906 it put down the Cuban uprising.During the two world wars, the U.S.also extented its economic and military influences over Far East, Europe and the Pacific Region.After the war, the U.S.started its “Cold War”, and established NATO against the Soviet Union.In 1950 it invaded Korea.In 1964 the U.S.started long year’s Vietnam War.In 1970 it cast its troops to Cambodia.In 1990s the U.S.attacked Iraq and Kosovo.In a word, the United States never stops its aggression and expansion.4.The progressive movement 进步运动A movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions, spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country./The Progressive Movement was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms./In spite of limitations of the movement, it brought about changes and improvement in many fields.
第二篇：美国概况习题
美国概况
Part One Geography
Chapter IIPopulation
Exercises
New York is the largest state in the US.(T/F)
Why is the U.S.A.called “Melting Pot”?
Answers
F(Alaska)
Because the U.S.A.is country where there are many different races, and these races mixed and assimilated after they
immigrated into this country “Melting Pot” just signifies this mixture and assimilation.Chapter VReligion in the U.S.A.Exercises
The popular American belief is___
A.part-time working
B.self-made man
C.manual labor
D.being extravagant
The largest religious group in America is___
A.Roman CatholicsB.Protestants
C.OrthodistsD.Presbyterians
the American spirit of “do-it-yourself”:
Answers
BB
the American spirit of “do-it-yourself”:
People are proud of doing everything by themselves.Most of the American families seldom hire people to do housework though they are rich.They try to do what they can do, such as housework, gardening and they enjoy doing them.Part twoHistory
Chapter IColonization of North America
Exercises
The history of the U.S.is generally agreed to have begun in the year of ____
A.1620B.1607C.1776D.1492
The turning point of the War of Independence was the Battle of ___in 1777.A.YorktownB.Saratoga
C.Bunker HillD.Lexington
Lexington Fire was the ___of American War of Independence
A.turning pointB.endingC.causeD.prelude
Answers
BBD
Chapter IVThe American Civil War(1861-1865)
Exercises
Abraham Lincoln
In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president, an anti-slavery president.He played a very important measures.One
was the Homestead Bill, the other was Emancipation Proclamation in every field.In 1864, he was reelected president.He was assassinated in April 13,1865.He saved the Union and most Americans considered him a great national hero.Homework
Why was there the New Deal program? What was it? And how did it aid the recovery of the American economy? What important measures did Abraham Lincoln take during the Civil War? How do you evaluate them?
Chapter VThe U.S.Imperialism and the First World War
Exercises
The first imperialist war took place between theU.S.and ___in 1898.A.BritainB.FranceC.SpainD.Mexico
The “Big Stick” Policy was advanced by President___.A.Theodore RooseveltB.Franklin Roosevelt
C.William MckinleyD.Thomas Woodrow Wilson
President Franklin D.Roosevelt proposed a well-knownpolicy called___ to save the economic situation.A.the Open Door PolicyB.the New Deal
C.Good Neighbor PolicyD.the “Big Stick”
AnswersCAB
PartTheresociallife
Chapter IIICustoms and Traditions
Exercises
Easter:
Easter falls on the first Sunday after the full moon, in March or in April.It commemorates the Resurrection of Jesus.The custom of dying eggs is very popular among children.The main meat on Easter Sunday are lamb and ham. Thanksgiving Day:
It falls on the fourth Thursday of November.It is a holiday on which God is thanked for the crops which have been safely gathered. Abraham Lincoln
In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president, an anti-slavery president.He played a very important
measures.One was the Homestead Bill, the other was Emancipation Proclamation in every field.In 1864, he was reelected president.He was assassinated in April 13,1865.He saved the Union and most Americans considered him a great national hero.
第三篇：国家概况名词解释与问答题汇总--美国
英语国家概况名词解释与问答题汇总
Unit One Geography
Terms:
1.The Star-spangled Banner(the flag)
2.The Yellowstone National Park
3.Mount Rushmore National Memorial 4.The Great Lakes
5.The Grand Canyon 删除
6.Mississippi River删除
Questions:
1.Please list five famous buildings or things in New York City.Unit Two History
Terms:
1.The Declaration of Independence
2.The Bill of Rights
3.The Boston Tea Party
4.Thomas Jefferson
5.Monroe Doctrine
6.Gold Rush
7.Uncle Tom’s Cabin删除
8.The American Civil War
9.Abraham Lincoln
10.Westward Movement
11.Progressive Movement
12.The lost generation
13.The Monkey Trial删除
14.The Great Depression 15.Franklin Roosevelt
16.Lend-lease Bill删除
17.The Beat Generation删除
18.The Civil Rights Movement
19.Martin Luther King, Jr.Questions:
1.What were the reasons for people to found colonies in North America?
2.What do you know about the War of Independence(reasons, process, and significance)?
3.How was American Constitution established and what do you know about it?
4.5.6.7.8.What do you know about Monroe Doctrine? What do you know about the U.S.-Mexican War and its result? What do you know about the Civil War(reasons, process, and significance)? What do you know about the Progressive Movement? What kind of changes did modern America experienced at the beginning of the 20th century?
9.What do you know about World War One and America’s policy during the war?
10.The target of the Progressive Movement was trust and monopoly.What were the negative effects brought by monopoly?
11.What were the nature and effects of WW I?
12.What do you know about Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal?
13.“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government….”
Who is the writer and what is the name of the document?
What is the historical background of the document and how did it come into being?
Unit Three American Identity
Terms:
1.Hispanics(Latinos)
2.Model minority
3.Melting pot
Questions:
1.Why America is called “a nation of immigrants”?
2.What contributions did immigrants make to America?
(Please list at least three points of views)
Unit Four Political Institution
Terms:
1.The checks and balances
2.Congress
Questions: 1.What are the US government principles?
2.What do you know about the Presidential election in America?
Unit 5 Economy
Questions:
1.What is the most striking characteristic of the American economy in terms of its diversity?
2.When did service industries in the U.S.experience rapid growth? How significant is the service industry in the American economy?
Unit 8 Education
Terms:
1.Harvard College
2.Ivy League Questions
1.How have the goals and purposes of education in the U.S.evolved over time? Trance them briefly.Unit 9 Religion
Questions:
1.In your opinion, why do so many Americans want to keep “In God We Trust” on their currency?
2.How did American religion become pluralistic and diversified?
第四篇：美国加拿大概况要点
USA BASIC INFO
1the first settlement in North America
The first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English King.The colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on them and by transplanting tobacco in the colony of Virginia.In 1619, the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses, and the same time they bought and enslaved black servants.These two greatly influenced the political and social development of the United States later.2the religion reform and leaders
In the Religious Reformation, Martin Luther, a German professor of theology, believed that sinful men could win salvation neither by good works nor through the church or the pope.And the only true guide to the will of god was the Bible.John Calvin, a Frenchman, who had fled to Switzerland, started his reform movement.In England, King Henry VIII,(8th)because of the political disputes with the Roman Catholic Church and his marital problems broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and set up the Church of England, and he became the head of the Church.3the founding father of Unite State Benjamin Franklindrafted Declaration of Independence
Thomas Jefferson
George Washington the commander of Continental Army and Navy
4the cause of American Revolution
By the early 1760s, the 13 colonies in North America had developed a similar American pattern in politics, economy and cultural life and enjoyed the same frontier environment.As a result, they were ready to separate themselves from the old world.The American Revolution officially proclaimed the birth of a new nation of Americans.3 civilizations
Aztecs, 阿兹台克Incas, Mayas
6Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble public places, the right to own weapons and so on.7check and balance p58
Three-part national government, they often refer to what they call its system of “check and balances”.The system works in many ways to keep serious mistakes from being made by one branch or another.declaration of independence
The declaration of independence proclaimed that 13 united colonies are and of right ought to be free and independent states.But they were not clear about the future political system of the United States and the relationship between the states and the government of the new nation.united states constitution
The plan for the government was written in very simple language in a document called the constitution of the United States.1The constitution set up a federal 联邦的system with a strong central government.A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each.2The constitution also called for the election of national leader.3It provided that federal laws would be made only by a congress made up of representatives elected by the people.It also provided for a national court system headed by a supreme court.10wasp =a white Anglo-Saxon Protestant
American mainstream culture was developed from what is known as “WASP” culture and that people who settled
in the 13 North American colonies that would become the United States were mostly Protestant believers.11relationship between government and religion
The United States would have no state-supported religion.In this way, those men who formulated the principle tenets of the newly established political system hoped to insure that the diversity of religious belief would never become the source of social or political injustice or disaffection.religions between USA and European
First of all, American with different religions lives together under the same law.The bill of rights in the US constitution insists that there should be no state religion.Secondly, the religious beliefs of American continue to be strong with social progress.Thirdly, in the United States every church is completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its own building.three faiths
By the 1095s, the 3 faiths model of American religion had developed.American was considered to come in 3 basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish.In term of numbers, the Protestant are the strongest, the Catholic is next to the Protestant and Jewish are the smallest among the 3.Mark Twain
Mark Twain is the pen name of Samuel Clemens.He was one of the greatest American writers.He captured a peculiarly American sense of humor.He represented a new American voice.His major work was The Adventures of Huckberry Finn which has been called the great novel in American literature.15The lost generation
In the aftermath of World War I, many novelists produced a literature of disillusionment.Some lived in Europe.They were known as the lost generation, two of the most representative of it were Hemingway and Fitzgerald.16Hemingway
His main characters were usually tough, silent men, good at sports or war but awkward in their dealing with women.Among his best books were The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, and for whom the Bell Tolls.17nobel prize
Sinclair Lewis first one in USA /O’Neil /Saul Bellow/Isaac Bashevis Singer/
Hemingway /William Faulkner
18famous universities
California Institute of Technology 加州理工学院 Harvard University(MA)哈佛大学Massachusetts Inst.of Technology 麻省理工学院 Princeton University(NJ)普林斯顿大学Yale University(CT)耶鲁大学 Stanford University(CA)斯坦福大学 19Social separation
White and black couldn’t be together in a public place to enjoy the same right
20kkk
It was a secret organization which set up after the 1865 civil war of United States in the southern.It objected the liberation of black slavers in northern.Many years later, they came to alive to flight against the Jewish and Catholic people to keep the highest station of white.21luther King
P155 A civil right leader during the movement in 1960s gave a lot of speech, like “I have a dream”.He won the Nobel peace prize in 1964s for his achievement of raising the image of black.22Conterculture
It rejected capitalism and other American principles.They had morals different from those taught by their parents.Some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life.23hippies
They sought experience through dropping out and drug taking.But it was music, rock music in particular.They had a great impact on social moral.24imagery of crime
Male, young, a member of a racial minority, and a city resident
25Cold war
By the end of WWII, the United States became the strongest country in the world.As the possessor of atomic bombs and much of the world’s gold reserve, the policy-maker of the US wanted world order, and the US encountered determined resistance from the Soviet Union.Finally the two wartime allies fell apart.26NATO北大西洋公约组织
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization members are United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark and Iceland.Organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party
27Warsaw The Warsaw Treaty was the Soviet Bloc’s military response to NATO Pact.28先发制人 Preemption
Preemption is formalized in the National Security Strategy issued in September 2002.When it determines that a country which is repressive and hostile to the US has acquired or produced weapons of mass destruction or has the potential to possess such weapons.29杜鲁门主义Truman Doctrine
The Truman Doctrine was a policy set forth by U.S.President Harry S.Truman on March 12, 1947 stating that the U.S.would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere.30古巴导弹危机Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the Soviet Union, Cuba and the United States in October 1962, during the Cold War.In September 1962, the Cuban and Soviet governments began to surreptitiously build bases in Cuba for a number of medium-and intermediate-range ballistic nuclear missiles with the ability to strike most of the continental United States.This issue was the turning point of the cold war.Can basic info(from sea to sea)
1the biggest city and the capital TorontoOttawa
210provinces and 3 territories
Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces and three territories.In turn, these may be grouped into regions: Western Canada, Central Canada, Atlantic Canada, and Northern Canada(the latter made up of the three territories: Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut).3economy
Canadian economy is influenced by Canada’s physical geography: huge size and small population has made extracting and transporting goods to markets difficult.The second is United States, which shares the long and open border with it.The third is the government’s intervention介入in the economy, rather than the market plays a full role.4central Canada
Central Canada, consisting of Ontario安大略and Quebec, are the parts of the country that were first settled.They are the industrial heartland of the country and are also the most densely populated provinces.They have the largest cities like Toronto and Montreal蒙特利尔.5Quebec
Quebec is a mainly French-speaking province in Canada.Here French speakers comprise 83% of the population.They feel that their linguistic and cultural heritage is threatened by the mainly English-speaking environment and that they are economically dominated by English Canada.They are keen to preserve the historic language and French-speaking culture.Canada-US relations
They are the 2 of the most open and interconnected societies in the world.They share a long and undefended border and they are in many military alliance.They also share long term interests in their economy.But sometime s there is the point where differences of opinion occur.The relations often have been rocky.Canada is governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state.7political system
1Canada’s system of government is based on the British system of parliamentary democracy.Canada is monarchy and its official head of state is the Queen, who is represented by an official called a Governor General.2The federal government distinguishes from the lower level government.3The parliament is divided into the house of common and the house of senate.The MP is elected.The head of the party which wins the most seats becomes the Prime minister.The cabinet is chosen by Prime Minister, is made up of senior Mps from the governing Party.8party
加拿大自由党Liberal Party of Canada
加拿大保守党Conservative Party of Canada
加拿大新民主党New Democratic Party
英国下议院总有一个拥有绝对多数的政党，该党领袖被国王任命为首相。下议院第二大党的领袖则成为反对党领袖。
In the 2010 general election held on 6 May, the Conservatives gained a plurality多数 of seats in a hung parliament and Cameron was appointed Prime Minister on 11 May 2010, at the head of a coalition联合 between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats.At the age of 43, Cameron became the youngest British Prime Minister since the Earl of Liverpool 198 years earlier.The Cameron Ministry is the first coalition government in the United Kingdom since the Second World War.
第五篇：美国概况习题
美国概况
Part One Geography
Chapter IIPopulation
Exercises
New York is the largest state in the US.(T/F)
Why is the U.S.A.called “Melting Pot”?
Answers
F(Alaska)
Because the U.S.A.is country where there are many different races, and these races mixed and assimilated after they
immigrated into this country “Melting Pot” just signifies this mixture and assimilation.Chapter VReligion in the U.S.A.Exercises
The popular American belief is___
A.part-time working
B.self-made man
C.manual labor
D.being extravagant
The largest religious group in America is___
A.Roman CatholicsB.Protestants
C.OrthodistsD.Presbyterians
the American spirit of “do-it-yourself”:
Answers
BB
the American spirit of “do-it-yourself”:
People are proud of doing everything by themselves.Most of the American families seldom hire people to do housework though they are rich.They try to do what they can do, such as housework, gardening and they enjoy doing them.Part twoHistory
Chapter IColonization of North America
Exercises
The history of the U.S.is generally agreed to have begun in the year of ____
A.1620B.1607C.1776D.1492
The turning point of the War of Independence was the Battle of ___in 1777.A.YorktownB.Saratoga
C.Bunker HillD.Lexington
Lexington Fire was the ___of American War of Independence
A.turning pointB.endingC.causeD.prelude
Answers
BBD
Chapter IVThe American Civil War(1861-1865)
Exercises
Abraham Lincoln
In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president, an anti-slavery president.He played a very important measures.One
was the Homestead Bill, the other was Emancipation Proclamation in every field.In 1864, he was reelected president.He was assassinated in April 13,1865.He saved the Union and most Americans considered him a great national hero.Homework
Why was there the New Deal program? What was it? And how did it aid the recovery of the American economy? What important measures did Abraham Lincoln take during the Civil War? How do you evaluate them?
Chapter VThe U.S.Imperialism and the First World War
Exercises
The first imperialist war took place between theU.S.and ___in 1898.A.BritainB.FranceC.SpainD.Mexico
The “Big Stick” Policy was advanced by President___.A.Theodore RooseveltB.Franklin Roosevelt
C.William MckinleyD.Thomas Woodrow Wilson
President Franklin D.Roosevelt proposed a well-knownpolicy called___ to save the economic situation.A.the Open Door PolicyB.the New Deal
C.Good Neighbor PolicyD.the “Big Stick”
AnswersCAB
PartTheresociallife
Chapter IIICustoms and Traditions
Exercises
Easter:
Easter falls on the first Sunday after the full moon, in March or in April.It commemorates the Resurrection of Jesus.The custom of dying eggs is very popular among children.The main meat on Easter Sunday are lamb and ham. Thanksgiving Day:
It falls on the fourth Thursday of November.It is a holiday on which God is thanked for the crops which have been safely gathered. Abraham Lincoln
In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president, an anti-slavery president.He played a very important
measures.One was the Homestead Bill, the other was Emancipation Proclamation in every field.In 1864, he was reelected president.He was assassinated in April 13,1865.He saved the Union and most Americans considered him a great national hero.
推荐专题： 美国概况要点名词解释