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第一篇：开题报告英文篇
下面是一篇英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的借鉴价值。
Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies1 Introduction
The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).
DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.
2 Outline
2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS
In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
2.2 Methodolgy
I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.
2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories
A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.
2.4 Case study
In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.
2.5 Conclusion
Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.
(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)
000
附录2- 引文范例(仅供参考)
“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)
‘“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)
附录3- 参考文献范例(仅供参考)
Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation C Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.
Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.
1.商英专业毕业论文开题报告范文
2.国际经济英与贸易专业论文开题报告范文
3.课题开题报告格式与开题报告的写法
4.有关开题报告课题来源的开题报告文章
5.解读开题报告格式与开题报告写作技巧
6.开题报告的格式与开题报告的写作技巧全文
7.论文开题报告格式
8.大学课题开题报告
9.建筑专业开题报告
10.2016论文开题报告
第二篇：开题报告的英文
开题报告的英文范文
Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies 1 Introduction The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis. Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS). DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context. My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator.
第三篇：开题报告英文翻译
在现代通信系统中，如何高速和可靠地传输信息成为人们关注的一个焦点。虽然现在数据传输理论和实践已经取得了相当大的进展，但是随着通信的发展，特别是无线通信业务的增长，可以利用的频率资源日趋紧张。OFDM调制技术的出现为实现高效的抗干扰调制技术和提高频带利用率开辟了一条的新路径。正交频分复用（OFDM，Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）是当前一种非常热门的通信技术。它即可以被看作是一种调制技术，也可以被看作是一种复用技术。由于它具有抗多径衰落和频谱利用率高的特点，因此被广泛应用于高速数字通信领域，比如应用于IEEE 802.11a无线局域网（WLAN）的物理层等等。 本文叙述了正交频分复用技术的产生背景、发展历史、基本原理和OFDM系统的实现方法。其中OFDM的原理部分介绍了OFDM的系统组成、调制方式、信道的分配以及使用OFDM技术的优势与不足所在，指出在短波通信中采用OFDM体制需要解决的几个关键性技术。最后总结了OFDM系统的性能特点以及在实际中的应用, 并且展望了今后的无线移动技术的发展前景。
关键词：正交频分复用；调制；解调；4G
In modern communication system, how to transmit information with high speed reliablely become a focus that people pay attention to. Though now, data transmission theory and practice have gotten fairly big progress, but along with the development of communication, especially the increase of wireless communication business but with a view to with frequency resource become tense day by day. The appearance of OFDM modulation technology is the modulation technology of interference rejection that realizes efficiency with raising the utilization rate of frequency band have opened up a new route. Because of wireless environment where multipath maybe significant, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), a special form of multicarrier modulation (MCM), where a single data stream is transmitted over a number of lower rate subcarriers has recently received considerable attention for its robustness to multipath selective fading and high bandwidth efficiency. It can be seen as either a modulation technique or a multiplexing technique.
This paper has narrated orthogonality frequency to divide, use again the technical realization method that produces the system of background, development history,
basic principle and OFDM. In which, the principle system of OFDM that has introduced OFDM partially forms and makes the distribution of way and channel as well as uses insufficient place and the advantage of OFDM technology, point out in some crucialness technologies that short wave solves in communication with OFDM system needs. Have summarized the performance characteristic of OFDM system as well as the application in reality finally, and have looked ahead in the future wireless move technology develop prospect.
Keywords:
OFDM（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）；Demodulation；4G Modulation；
第四篇：英语论文开题报告范文
论文题目：the Application and Innovation
一、选题的意义和研究现状
1.选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义
长时期以来，人们视艾米莉・勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜，许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究，得出了不同的结论，因而往往是旧谜刚解，新谜又出，解谜热潮似永无休止。
本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉，指出艾米莉勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统，同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力，将现实与超现实融为一体，给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力，达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一，使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”，又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”，从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。
2.与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况
二、研究方案
1.研究的基本内容及预期的结果（大纲）
研究的基本内容：本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉，指出艾米莉勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统，同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力，将现实与超现实融为一体，给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力，达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一，使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”，又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”，从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。
预期的结果（大纲）：
1.A Survey of Gothic
1.1Definition of Gothic
2Emily’s Gothic Heritage
2.1Theme
2.1.1Good and Evil
2.2Characters Description
2.2.1Villainhero
2.2.2Delicate Young Girl
2.3Atmosphere，Environment and Plot
2.3.1Terror
2.3.2Mystery
2.3.3Supernatural
3.Emily’s Gothic Innovation
3.1Combination of romanticism and Realism
3.1.1Change of the Background
3.1.3Stream of Consciousness
3.1.4Illusion and Subconsciousness
3.2.Description of Figure Emotion and Psychology
2.拟采用的研究方法 主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法
3.研究所需条件和可能存在的`问题
研究所需条件：纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料；可能存在的问题：
(1)文献不足。
(2)由于个人的观点和能力，使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。
三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见
1.研究进度安排
（1）论文指导第一周（学期第八周）：学生完成初稿。
（2）论文指导第二周（学期第九周）：指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。
（3）论文指导第三周（学期第十周）：学生交论文第二稿。
（4）论文指导第四周（学期第十一周）：指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。
（5）论文指导第五周（学期第十二周）：定稿
（6）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。
（7）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：本周星期五至论文指导第七周（学期第周）星期五，指导教师和评阅教师写评语，学生做好答辩准备。
（8）论文指导第七周（学期第十四周）：星期三至论文指导第八周（学期第十五周）开展答辩工作。